Method for decreasing minimum observable velocity of moving targets

• US 4,210,911 A
• Filed: 12/19/1977
• Issued: 07/01/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 12/19/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corporation
• Original Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Company LLC (Brookfield Asset Management Incorporated)
• Inventors: Jacomini, Omar J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Application Number:
  US05/861,819
• Time in Patent Office: 925 Days
• Field of Search: 343/5 CM, 343/16 M, 343/7.4, 343/7.7
• US Class Current: 342/149
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/4472 with means specially adapted to airborne monopulse systems clutter elimination using Doppler effect: G01S13/449
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/52 Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds

Abstract

An airborne radar system and method for detecting and tracking slowly moving ground targets off the boresight of the antenna beam, is disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of decreasing the minimum velocity of a moving target observable by an airborne radar system comprising

transmitting a radar beam from the airborne radar system toward the earth;

receiving radar echoes having different doppler frequency shifts corresponding to the apparent velocity of target, clutter, and objects in a plurality of overlapping beams having crossover points of less than 3 decibels, to compensate for decreased single beam two way gains when detecting slow moving targets off boresite;

scanning away from potential targets to improve detection of slow moving targets;

rejecting the echoes having a doppler frequency shift corresponding to the apparent velocity of stationary targets and clutter at maximum amplitude in each beam; and

detecting the echoes including the echoes from slow moving targets having a doppler frequency shift corresponding to targets having an apparent velocity greater than the stationary ground clutter.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the receiving step includes offsetting each alternate scan of the antenna by one-half a beam position to provide additional beams on alternate scans.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the step of rejecting the echoes includes

offsetting the doppler frequency shift of each of the plurality of beams to receive the echo from stationary ground clutter as a zero doppler frequency shift, and

rejecting the zero doppler frequency shift.

4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the step of offsetting the doppler frequency shift, comprises off-setting a moving target indicator filter for a respective beam relative to the clutter by a different predetermined amount.

5. A method of tracking a slowly moving target by an airborne radar wherein the step of detecting a target includes the generation of a first signal corresponding to the angle of the target off the boresite of an antenna and a second signal corresponding to the doppler shift signal of the target relative to ground clutter, said method of tracking comprising

transmitting a pair of radar beams in a direction that is a function of the first generated signal,

receiving echoes from a detected target for each of the beams;

generating said first and second signals as a function of each of said received echoes;

filtering independently each of said generated second signals to pass a narrow band doppler signal including the frequency of the second signal generated during the step of detecting the target to obtain a filtered signal that includes the target signal and noise and residual clutter, said filter includes modifying independently each of the filtered second signals as the doppler frequency of each of the second signals vary while tracking to maximize the ratio of the target signal to the sum of the noise plus clutter;

normalizing each of said maximized filtered second signals as a function of noise plus clutter; and

changing the position of the antennas to direct the pair of beams in a direction that is a function of both normalized signals, whereby positioning the antenna according to said normalized signals each having a maximized ratio of target signal to sum of the noise plus clutter of the radar echo.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the step of detecting the echo of a slowly moving target comprises

transmitting a radar beam from the airborne radar system toward the earth;

receiving radar echoes having different doppler frequency shifts corresponding to the apparent velocity of target, clutter, and objects in a plurality of beams within the transmit beam having crossover points of less than 3 decibels, to compensate for decreased single beam two way gains when detecting slow moving targets off boresite;

scanning away from potential targets to improve the detection of slow moving targets;

rejecting the echoes having a doppler frequency shift corresponding to the apparent velocity of stationary targets and clutter at maximum amplitude; and

detecting the echoes having a doppler frequency shift corresponding to targets having an apparent velocity greater than the stationary ground clutter.