Method and apparatus employing an improved format for recording and reproducing digital audio

• US 4,211,997 A
• Filed: 11/03/1978
• Issued: 07/08/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ampex Corporation (Delta Information Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Ampex Corporation (Delta Information Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Rudnick, Paul J., Heaslett, Alastair M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Atkinson, Charles E.
• Application Number:
  US05/957,270
• Time in Patent Office: 613 Days
• Field of Search: 340/146.1 F, 340/146.1 AL, 360/48, 360/53
• US Class Current: 714/758
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/10527 Audio or video recording; Data buffering arrangements G11B20/12 - G11B20/18 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1809 by interleaving
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/1876 Interpolating methods
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/90 Tape-like record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2220/913 Digital audio tape [DAT] format
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/032 on tapes G11B27/036, G11B27/038 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/036 Insert-editing
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 27/28 by using information signals recorded by the same method as the main recording G11B27/22 takes precedence

Abstract

An audio signal is sampled, quantized and the values are stored in a specific digital data block/sub-block format on alternate tracks of a recording medium. The block/sub-block format provides an inherent simplification of error correction techniques, and consists of dividing the digital audio data into groups of digital words, and recording alternate words on separate tracks in the medium. Cyclic redundancy check characters, synchronization, and parity information are selectively interspersed with the data to define sub-blocks which in turn are combined into separate blocks of the block/sub-block arrangement. On reproduce, any errors, dropouts, etc., are detected and corrected or concealed to reconstitute the original audio signal. Editing is facilitated by the separated block arrangement which allows entering and exiting the record mode without destroying any data.

Claims

1. A method for recording a signal as digital data in a recording medium, comprising the steps of;

generating successive series of digital words representing the digital data;

selectively separating alternate words of the series of digital words into respective separate sub-blocks of data;

generating error correction information to define separate sub-blocks thereof;

interspersing error detection and sync information within given locations in each data and error correction sub-blocks; and

recording a selected succession of sub-blocks of data and error correction information within at least two separate tracks in the recording medium to define data blocks with selected inter-block gaps therebetween.

2. The method of claim 1 further including;

generating odd and even sub-blocks of data from odd and even digital words, respectively, of said series; and

further generating a parity sub-block with respect to a given pair of the odd and even data sub-blocks to define the error correction information.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the step of recording the blocks includes;

recording the odd and even sub-blocks of data in respective odd and even tracks in the medium; and

recording alternate parity sub-blocks in odd and even tracks after recording all the odd and even data sub-blocks.

4. The method of claim 3 further including;

recording the inter-block gaps between data blocks to define physical spaces of selected length for going into and out of record mode with no irretrievable destruction of data, and

interspersing gap snyc and error detection information within the given locations of the gap length.

5. The method of claim 4 further including;

generating a check character code for insertion in each data and parity sub-block to define the error detection information; and

generating a sync code for insertion in each data and parity sub-block to define the sync information.

6. The method of claim 5 further including;

recording the sync code and check character code at the beginning and end, respectively, of each data and parity sub-block.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the sync information includes a plurality of sync bits of a unique word followed by a plurality of sub-block identifying bits.

8. The method of claim 5 wherein the recorded digital data is retrieved from the recording medium, with optimized data error correction and concealment, further including the steps of;

detecting any data errors in the data retrieved from the two tracks via the check character code; and

reconstituting the original digital data utilizing selected good data and associated parity sub-blocks in the event one data sub-block has an error.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein;

the step of detecting data errors further includes detecting a data error occurrence in one of the odd or even data sub-blocks by comparing the retrieved check character code with the initial check character code; and

the step of reconstituting includes correcting the data of the odd or even data sub-block having the error, using the respective parity sub-block along with the data from the other even or odd data sub-block in which no error has occurred.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein;

the step of detecting data errors includes detecting a data error occurrence in one of the odd or even data sub-blocks and its associated parity sub-blocks by comparing the respective retrieved check character code with the initial check character code; and

the step of reconstituting includes partially reconstructing the data and concealing the error using the data from the other data sub-block in which no error has occurred.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein;

the step of detecting data errors includes detecting the loss of a portion or all of one odd or even track of data; and

the step of reconstituting includes substituting the data from the other track to approximate the data in the track which was lost.

12. In a method for recording digital audio data in a recording medium the method for providing an improved digital audio data format comprising the steps of;

generating successive series of digital words representing the digital audio data;

separating the digital words into odd and even sub-blocks of digital audio data;

generating a parity sub-block for a given pair of the odd and even data sub-blocks;

recording the given pair of data sub-blocks in selected spaced apart relation with their respective parity sub-block to define a triad configuration in two tracks of the recording medium;

recording successive triads in the recording medium to define a data block; and

recording successive data blocks in the recording medium with selected inter-block gaps therebetween to define the improved format.

13. A digital recorder for digitally recording an input signal in a recording medium via an improved digital data format, the combination comprising;

means for generating successive series of digital words representing the input signal;

formatter means coupled to the means for generating the digital words and including, means for constructing the digital data format of a succession of precisely spaced apart data blocks formed of a selected arrangement of sub-blocks of said digital words and including respective sub-blocks of parity information, with error detection and sync information interspersed in each data and parity sub-block; and

means coupled to the formatter means for simultaneously recording the data blocks in separate tracks in the recording medium with precise inter-block gaps therebetween.

14. The recorder of claim 13 wherein;

the means for constructing further includes means for forming alternate digital words into odd and even sub-blocks of digital data selectively disposed in the respective odd and even tracks in the recording medium;

means for generating respective parity sub-blocks from the data sub-blocks, and error detection and sync information;

means for interspersing the error detection and sync information within each of the odd and even data and parity sub-blocks; and

wherein the means for recording records a succession of pairs of data sub-blocks with a respective parity sub-block to define successive blocks of data selectively spaced from respective parity along the odd and even tracks with the precise inter-block gaps between the data blocks.

15. The recorder of claim 14 wherein;

parity is generated from successive odd and even digital word pairs of the series of digital words to define the parity sub-block associated with the respective odd and even data sub-blocks;

wherein the parity sub-blocks are alternately disposed in odd and even tracks after the associated data sub-tracks; and

wherein a selected plurality of combined data and associated parity sub-blocks are successively recorded to define each of the spaced-apart data blocks.

16. The recorder of claim 15 further including channel encoder means coupled to the means for interspersing the error detection and sync information for placing the data and parity sub-blocks in form for recording;

and

variable delay means coupled to the channel encoder means and to the means for recording for selectively varying the length of the inter-block gaps to provide the encoded and precisely spaced-apart data blocks for recording in the odd and even tracks.

17. The recorder/reproducer of claim 16 wherein;

the means for forming alternate digital words into odd and even data sub-blocks includes input latch/parallel-to-serial converter means;

the means for generating the parity sub-blocks includes parity generator means coupled to the parallel-to-serial converter means for generating a plurality of parity words from successive pairs of odd and even digital words;

the formatter means includes a formatting memory coupled to the parity generator means for storing the odd and even data and the associated parity;

the means for generating error detection information includes cyclic redundancy check character generator means coupled to the formatting memory;

the means for generating sync information includes sync generator means coupled to the check character generator means for generating a unique digital sync word and identification information definitive of the respective data and parity sub-blocks;

the means for interspersing the error detection and sync information includes check character and sync insertion means integral with the check character and sync generator-means respectively for inserting the check characters and sync within the end and beginning respectively of each data and parity sub-block; and

the means for recording the succession of sub-blocks and blocks includes channel encoder means coupled to the check character and sync generator means and the check character and sync insertion means, and variable inter-block gap delay means coupled to the channel encoder means for generating odd and even channels of encoded data for storage in the odd and even tracks of the recording medium.

18. The digital audio recorder of claim 16 including a reproducer for retrieving the odd and even tracks of recorder digital data via the digital data format and further comprising;

de-formatter means for receiving the retrieved digital data and for detecting, correcting and/or concealing any data errors via the error detection information and in each sub-block and the parity sub-blocks, to reconstitute the original input signal; and

controller means coupled to the formatter and de-formatter means for generating a master clock and sub-multiple clocks to control the recording and retrieving of the improved digital data format.

19. The recorder/reproducer of claim 18 wherein the deformatter means includes;

means for decoding the odd and even retrieved digital data;

means for detecting any data errors in the decoded data via the error detection information interspersed in each sub-block; and

means for correcting any detected errors in one of the odd and even data sub-blocks via the parity information in the respective parity sub-block and the other of the odd and even data sub-blocks to reconstitute the original input signal.

20. The recorder/reproducer of claim 19 wherein the means for correcting further define, means for concealing any detected errors in both of a pair of data sub-blocks by interpolating between, or holding, good data in the data sub-blocks.

21. The recorder/reproducer of claim 20 further including;

bi-directional bus means inter-coupling the input to the formatter means and the output from the de-formatter means and variously interrupted via external process means for editing, mixing and other signal handling processes.

22. The recorder/reproducer of claim 21 further including;

flywheel/control source means variously coupled to the means for detecting and correcting for supplying a continuous clock and associated control signals which occur at a regular rate determined by the master clock, to allow synchronous operation and an odd and even inter-block gap error signal;

means for extracting the check character code and generating a validity signal indicative of the occurrence or absence of data errors;

means for storing parity information operatively coupled to the means for decoding and responsive to the means for extracting and generating validity, to store parity only upon the occurrence of a data error;

output memory means operatively coupled to the means for decoding for continuously storing data with or without errors in response to the flywheel/control source means; and

means for correcting/concealing any data errors coupled to the output memory means and to the means for storing parity to provide selected error correction and concealment in response to the validity signal.

23. The recorder/reproducer of claim 22 further including odd and even data parity storage means coupled to the means for decoding to the means for storing parity and to the output memory means, for temporarily storing parity and data in response to the flywheel/control source.