Scene tracker using multiple independent correlators

• US 4,220,967 A
• Filed: 09/27/1976
• Issued: 09/02/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Hughes Aircraft Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Sacks, Jacob M., Ichida, LeRoy F., Sturla, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Blum, Theodore M.
• Application Number:
  US05/727,101
• Time in Patent Office: 1,436 Days
• Field of Search: 358/125, 358/126, 358/113, 343/5 MM, 343/5 VQ, 343/100 CL, 235/181
• US Class Current: 348/699
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/7865 using correlation of the live video image with a stored image

Abstract

A scene tracker for use with imaging or quasi-imaging sensors such as TV cameras, FLIRS, millimeter-wave scanners, or the like is disclosed. Specifically, the invention is concerned with a form of correlation tracking. At the start of a track mode, part or parts of a scene are stored in a memory. Every subsequent video scan is then compared with the scene or parts of the scene stored in memory to find the "best match" between live data and stored data. This process generates signal output proportional to horizontal and/or vertical translations of the scene. Besides pure translation, the disclosed scene tracker is capable of tracking an original aim point in the presence of scene rotation, scene growth (zooming), scene reduction (dezooming), distortion, and/or partial scene obscuration. Special novel features of the invention include a multi-cell correlation principle; a novel method of computing and storing correlation functions for each cell; a method to derive weighted average displacements for the entities of all cell correlations; and a novel video signal processing technique.

Claims

1. A scene tracker system adapted for responding to sequentially applied fields of data each of which are definitive of a scene within a field of view, so as to provide global correlation coordinate signals which are indicative of the relative spatial displacement between scenes defined by different fields of data, said system comprising:

reference date storage means for storing reference cell data from a preselected plurality of portions of one field of data;

means for correlating the data for each reference cell against data for an associated search cell, with the data for each associated search cell being derived from a portion of a subsequent field of data which encompasses the relative position of the associated reference cell; and

for providing local correlation coordinate signals indicative of the relative location within each search cell of the correlation match between each search cell and its respective reference cell; and

processor means for processing said plurality of local correlation coordinate signals so as to produce as a function thereof global correlation coordinate signals which are indicative of the relative spatial displacement between the scenes defined by said one field of data and said subsequent field of data.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said reference data storage means comprises a plurality of random access memory devices.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for correlating, receives reference cell data signals from said reference data storage means for correlating with video signals from the currently applied field of data, said means for correlating comprising:

a multiplicity of Exclusive NOR circuits, each receiving video signals from the currently applied field of data and a reference cell data signal;

a plurality of read-only memory devices, each responsive to signal output from a predetermined number of said Exclusive NOR circuits; and

a plurality of digital adders responsive to output signals from said read-only memory devices and developing therefrom a correlation function.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for correlating includes a stored-program central processing unit.

5. The system of claim 1 further comprising means for detecting correlation matches which are indicative of greater than a preselected degree of correlation and for excluding from use in the production of said global correlation coordinate signals, local correlation coordinate signals derived from respective search cells in which multiple correlation matches of greater than said preselected degree are detected.

6. The system of claim 5 further comprising means for updating the reference cell data associated with respective search cells having multiple correlation matches of greater than said preselected degree of correlation.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a self-thresholding video processor for digitizing said sequentially applied fields of data prior to their being processed by said reference data storage means and by said means for correlating.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said self-thresholding video processor comprises:

buffer means for receiving and buffeting video signals which comprise said fields of data

bandpass filter means for receiving and bandpass filtering said buffered video signals from said buffer means;

delay network means for receiving and delaying said bandpass filtered video signals from said bandpass filter means; and

comparator means for receiving and comparing delayed video signals from said delay network means with undelayed video signals from said bandpass filter means.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said bandpass filter means is a three-pole Bessel bandpass filter.

10. The system of claim 7 wherein said self-thresholding video processor includes a zero threshold processor which comprises:

bandpass filter means for receiving and bandpass filtering video signals which comprise said fields of data;

shorted delay line means for quasi differentiating said bandpass filtered video signals; and

comparator means for receiving the bandpass filtered and quasi differentiated video signals and comparing them with a reference input signal.

11. The system of claim 7 wherein said bandpass filter means in a three-pole Bessel bandpass filter.