Device for examination of distances in a picture

• US 4,223,387 A
• Filed: 12/22/1978
• Issued: 09/16/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 01/20/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Carl A.B. Kruse, Per-Erik Danielsson
• Original Assignee: Carl A.B. Kruse, Per-Erik Danielsson
• Inventors: Danielsson, Per-Erik, Kruse, Carl A. B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wise, Edward J.
• Application Number:
  US05/972,640
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 364/515, 364/561, 364/489, 364/490, 364/491, 340/146.3 E, 340/146.3 MA
• US Class Current: 382/149
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/956 Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects contactless testing of electronic circuits G01R31/308; testing currency G07D; manufacturing processes per se of semiconductor devices implementing a measuring step H01L22/10
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30141 Printed circuit board [PCB]
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/60 Analysis of geometric attributes
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/36 Applying a local operator, i.e. means to operate on image points situated in the vicinity of a given point; Non-linear local filtering operations, e.g. median filtering

Abstract

A device examines a two dimensional quantized picture to determine whether any objects are closer together than a set minimum distance. The quantized picture has incremental areas assigned values of 0 or 1 corresponding to the presence or absence of an object. An array of interconnected logical cells identifies the presence of a separate object in the picture. The dimensions of the array correspond to the acceptable minimum distance between objects.

The device may be used to inspect for insufficient conductor separation or unacceptably wide conductors in printed circuit boards.

Claims

1. Apparatus for examining a two-dimensional quantized picture of an area to determine whether there exists within the area any objects which are closer than a pre-determined acceptable minimum distance from each other, said picture comprising discrete picture elements each of which represents a unit of said area, each picture element being assigned either a value of logical 1 when an object occupies any part of a corresponding unit of area, or a value of logical 0 when no object occupies any part of said corresponding unit of area, comprising:

(a) an array of interconnected logical cells for scanning said picture in a sequence of uniform sub-pictures, each of said sub-pictures having dimensions related to the minimum distance allowable between objects in the quantized picture;

(b) means associated with said array for determining the number of objects within a sub-picture at any time;

(c) means for generating a warning signal when the number of objects inside a sub-picture is greater than one.

2. Apparatus for examining a two-dimensional quantized picture of an area to determine whether there exists within that area any objects which are closer than a pre-determined acceptable minimum distance from each other, said picture comprising discrete picture elements each of which represents a corresponding unit of said area, each picture element being assigned either a value of logical 1 when an object occupies any part of object a corresponding unit of area, or a value of logical 0 when no object occupies any part of said corresponding unit of area, comprising:

(a) an array of interconnected logical cells, said array corresponding to a sub-picture of said quantized picture, said sub-picture having a geometric shape and size related to the minimum acceptable distance between objects;

(b) a first cell of said logical cells of the array corresponding to a picture element at a pre-determined reference position within said sub-picture, said first logical cell comprising means for generating a logical propagation signal equal to the logical value of the picture element occupying said reference position;

(c) each of the others of said logical cells in said array comprising;

(i) means for comparing the logical value of the picture element corresponding to each said other cell to the logical value of the logical propagation signal produced by the first logical cell, (ii) means for producing said logical propagation signal when the logical value of the picture element corresponding to each said other logical cell is the same as the value of the logical propagation signal of said first logical cell and at least one adjacent cell in the array is also producing said logical propagation signal, (iii) means for producing a warning signal when the logical value of the picture element corresponding to each said other logical cell is the same as the value of the logical propagation signal of said first logical cell and no adjacent cell is producing said logical propagation signal,

3. Apparatus as in claim 2, wherein each of said other logical cells comprises:

(a) a first AND gate (3), receiving as one input a logical signal having a logical value assigned to the discrete picture element corresponding to said other cell and having as a second input a logical signal having the logical value assigned to the reference picture element;

(b) a second AND gate (4), receiving as one input a logical signal which is the complement of the value assigned to the picture element corresponding to said other cell and having as a second input a logical signal which is the complement of the value assigned to the reference picture element;

(c) a first OR gate (5), receiving as inputs the outputs of the first and second AND gates (3,

     4);

(d) a second OR gate (8), receiving as inputs the propagation signals from each adjacent cell;

(e) a third AND gate (6), receiving as inputs the outputs of the first and second OR gates (5,

     8), and;

(f) a fourth AND gate (7), receiving as inputs the output of the first OR gate (5) and the inverse of the output of the first OR gate (5) and the inverse of the output of the second OR gate (8).

4. Apparatus according to claims 2 or 3, wherein said first logical cell is located at the center of said array and corresponds to a picture element in the center of the sub-picture.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the array is approximately circular in shape.

6. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the picture is rectangularly quantized, characterized in that the second OR gate (8) is provided with four inputs.

7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the picture is hexagonally quantized, characterized in that the second OR gate (8) is provided with six inputs.

8. Apparatus for examining a two-dimensional quantized picture of an area to determine whether there exists within that area any objects which are closer than a pre-determined acceptable minimum distance from each other, said picture comprising discrete picture elements each of which represents a unit of said area, each picture element being assigned either a value of logical 1 when an object occupies any part of a corresponding unit of area, or a value of logical 0 when no object occupies any part of said corresponding unit of area, comprising:

(a) an array of interconnected logical cells corresponding to a sub-picture of said quantized picture, said sub-picture having dimensions related to the minimum distance allowable between objects in the quantized picture, said array being divided into a first net for recording objects entering the sub-picture and a second net for recording objects leaving the sub-picture as the sub-picture;

(b) means in said first net for producing a first logical signal for each object that enters the sub-picture;

(c) means in said second net for producing a second logical signal for each object that leaves said sub-picture;

(d) means for adding and accumulating said logical signals to indicate the number of objects inside the sub-picture at any time;

(e) means for generating a first warning signal when the number of objects inside the sub-picture is greater than one.

9. An apparatus as in claim 8, wherein:

(a) said sub-picture is approximately circular;

(b) said first net comprises a cluster of logical units receiving input signals corresponding to the logical values assigned to picture elements located in a first half-circular peripheral band of said sub-picture, and;

(d) said second net comprises a cluster of logical units receiving input signals corresponding to the logical values assigned to picture elements located in a second half-circular peripheral band of said sub-picture;

10. Apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:

(a) means for sensing whether an object lies in the center of the sub-picture;

(b) means for producing a second warning signal when said first warning signal is being produced and there is simultaneously an object in the center of the sub-picture.

11. Apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising:

(a) means for producing a third warning signal when the first warning signal is being produced and there is simultaneously not an object in the center of the sub-picture.

12. Apparatus for examination of the width of an object in a 2-dimensional quantized picture, said picture comprising discrete picture elements each of which represents a unit of said area, each picture element being assigned either a value of logical 1 when an object occupies any part of a corresponding unit of area, or a value of logical 0 when no object occupies any part of said corresponding unit of area, comprising:

(a) a sub-picture having dimensions related to the allowable width of an object in the picture;

(b) nets on the outer peripheries of said sub-pictur, comprising;

(i) a first net for sensing the entrance in the sub-picture of a first zone of contiguous picture elements having a first logical value and for producing a logical signal indicative thereof,

(ii) a second net for sensing the entrance in the sub-picture of a second zone of contiguous picture elements having a second logical value,

(iii) a third net for sensing the exit from the sub-picture of said first zone of contiguous picture elements,

(iv) a fourth net for sensing the exit from the sub-picture of said second zone of contiguous picture elements,

(c) means for adding and accumulating each of said logical signals;

(d) means for generating a first warning signal when the number of said first zones inside the sub-picture is greater than one;

(e) means for generating a second warning signal when the number of said second zones inside the sub-picture is greater than one;

(f) means for sensing whether said first zone lies in the center of the sub-picture;

(g) means for producing a third warning signal when said first warning signal is being produced and there is simultaneously a first zone in the center of the sub-picture;

(h) means for producing a fourth warning signal when the said second warning signal is being produced and there is simultaneously not a first zone in the center of the sub-picture;

(i) means for producing a fifth warning signal when either a third or fourth warning signal is produced.