Infrared detection system

• US 4,225,786 A
• Filed: 09/15/1978
• Issued: 09/30/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Detection Systems, Inc. (Robert Bosch GmbH)
• Original Assignee: Detection Systems, Inc. (Robert Bosch GmbH)
• Inventors: Perlman, David E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Alfred E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Howell, Janice A.
• Application Number:
  US05/942,659
• Time in Patent Office: 746 Days
• Field of Search: 250/338, 250/339, 250/340, 250/342, 250/349, 250/353, 361/281, 361/303
• US Class Current: 250/342
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 5/34 using capacitors, e.g. pyroelectric capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/191 using pyroelectric sensor means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 250/01 Passive intrusion detectors

Abstract

An infrared radiation intruder detection system is disclosed which employs a unique pyroelectric detector array. The array comprises a pyroelectric plastic film having electrodes arranged on opposing surfaces to define a plurality of heat-sensitive capacitors connected in parallel. According to a preferred embodiment, the film of selected detector elements is poled to a polarity opposite that of the other elements to cause internal cancellation of signals due to events which affect an even number of detectors simultaneously.

Claims

1. In an infrared radiation-sensitive detector comprising:

(a) a plurality of infrared radiation-sensitive elements arranged to form an elongated array, each of said elements comprising first and second spaced electrodes between which a pyroelectric material is positioned, said elements being operative to produce a voltage proportional to the rate of change of infrared radiation incident thereon; and

(b) means connecting said elements electrically in parallel;

the improvement wherein

said pyroelectric material of each element is polarized to a polarity opposite that to which the pyroelectric material of adjacent elements in said array is polarized, whereby the voltages produced by adjacent elements which are subjected to the same change in incident radiation are substantially equal in amplitude and opposite in polarity.

2. The apparatus defined by claim 1 wherein said pyroelectric material comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.

3. An infrared radiation detection system comprising:

(a) at least four pyroelectric detectors, each of said detectors having a distinct field of view in a region under surveillance;

(b) first circuit means operatively connecting two of said detectors;

(c) second circuit means operatively connecting the other of said detectors;

(d) an amplifier circuit;

(e) switch means operatively coupled to said first and second circuit means and operable in a first state to connect the output of all of said detectors with said amplifier, and operable in a second state to connect less than all said detectors with said amplifier, whereby the fields of view of said system can be selectively altered.

4. The infrared radiation detection system as defined in claim 3 wherein said first circuit means comprises means for electrically connecting said two detectors in parallel, and said second circuit means comprises means for electrically connecting said other detectors in parallel.

5. The infrared detection system of claim 3 further comprising summing means operatively coupled to the output of said switch means for summing the outputs of said detectors to provide a summed signal.

6. The infrared detection system of claim 3 further comprising impedance means for reducing the output of said two detectors when said switch means is in said first state, whereby the sensitivity of all of said detectors is substantially the same when said switch means is in said first state.

7. The infrared detection system of claim 3 wherein each of said detectors comprises first and second spaced electrodes between which a pyroelectric plastic material is positioned to define a pyroelectric capacitor, wherein the plastic material of each capacitor is polarized to a polarity opposite that of adjacent capacitors, and wherein said two capacitors are adjacent to each other.

8. The infrared detection system of claim 7 wherein said plastic material comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.

9. An infrared radiation-sensitive system comprising:

(a) a plurality of infrared radiation-sensitive detectors arranged in an elongated array, each of said detectors having a unique field of view in a space in which infrared radiation is to be detected, and each of said detectors comprising first and second spaced electrodes between which a pyroelectric material is disposed, said detectors being operative to produce a voltage proportional to the rate of change of infrared radiation incident thereon, said material of each detector being polarized to a polarity opposite that to which the material of adjacent detectors in said array is polarized, whereby the voltages produced by adjacent detectors which are subjected to the same change in incident radiation are substantially equal in amplitude and opposite in polarity;

(b) circuit means connecting said detectors electrically in parallel; and

(c) means operatively coupled to said detectors for activating an alarm in response to the voltage produced by any one of said detectors exceeding a predetermined threshold level.

10. The infrared radiation-sensitive system of claim 9 wherein said material is polyvinylidene fluoride.

11. A method of making an array of infrared radiation-sensitive detectors, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) forming an elongated first electrode on one surface of a material which, when appropriately polarized, exhibits pyroelectric properties;

(b) forming a plurality of spaced second electrodes on the opposite surface of such material, the second electrodes being arranged so that a portion of each is positioned directly opposite the first electrode, thereby defining an elongated array of capacitors;

(c) connecting together the second electrodes of alternate capacitors in the array;

(d) connecting together the second electrodes of the remaining capacitors in the array;

(e) producing an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrodes of said alternate capacitors for a time and at a temperature sufficient to permanently polarize the material between such electrodes to a first polarity;

(f) producing an electric field between said first electrode and the second electrodes of said remaining capacitors for a time and at a temperature sufficient to permanently polarize the material between such electrodes to a polarity opposite said first polarity, whereby the material of each capacitor is poled to a polarity opposite that of the material of adjacent capacitors.

12. The method defined by claim 11 wherein said material comprises polyvinylidene fluoride.

13. An infrared radiation detection system comprising:

(a) a plurality of infrared radiation-sensitive detectors, each of said detectors having a distinct field of view in a region under surveillance and being adapted to provide an electrical output representative of the infrared radiation incident thereon;

(b) a threshold sensing circuit for producing an alarm-actuating signal in response to receiving an input signal which exceeds a predetermined threshold level; and

(c) switching means selectively operable in a first state for connecting the outputs of all of said detectors to said threshold sensing circuit, and in a second state for connecting the outputs of less than all the detectors to said threshold sensing circuit, whereby the field of view of said system can be selectively altered.

14. The system as defined by claim 13 wherein said infrared radiation-sensitive detectors comprise pyroelectric detectors.