Process to break down cellulose polymers and produce cellular solid or solid reaction products
First Claim
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1. The process for the production of water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer by the following steps:
- (a) mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide;
(b) heating the mixture at 150°
C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby(c) producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer.
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Abstract
Small particles of cellulose-containing plants are mixed with an alkali metal hydroxide, such as lye flakes, in the ratio of about 2 parts by weight of the plant to 1 to 3 parts by weight of the alkali metal hydroxide, then heated to 150° C. to 220° C. for 5 to 60 minutes while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing broken-down cellulose polymers in the form of dark brown particles or powder.
64 Citations
35 Claims
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1. The process for the production of water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer by the following steps:
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(a) mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide; (b) heating the mixture at 150°
C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby(c) producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32)
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9. The process for the production of broken-down cellulose foam by mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, then heating the mixture at 150°
- C. to 200°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer;
then 1 to 5 parts by weight of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, furfural, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, pentanals, hexanals, heptanals, octanals and mixtures thereof, are mixed with 2 parts by weight of the broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer, then agitated at ambient temperature for 10 to 120 minutes, thereby producing an aldehyde-broken-down alkali metal cellulose copolymer, then an acid compound, selected from the group consisting of mineral acid, organic acid, hydrogen-containing salt, and mixtures thereof, is added until the pH is 6 to 7, thereby producing an aldehyde-broken-down cellulose copolymer, a cellular solid product, without the addition of a volatile blowing agent. - View Dependent Claims (10)
- C. to 200°
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11. The process for the production of aminoplast-broken-down cellulose foam by mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, then heating the mixture at 150°
- C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer;
then 0.5 to 5 mols of an aldehyde per mol of the amino compound and selected from the group consisting of aqueous solution of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, furfural, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, butyl aldehyde, pentanals, hexanals, heptanals, octanals, paraformaldehyde and mixtures thereof, 1 to 5 parts by weight of an amino compound, selected from the group consisting of urea, thiourea, alkyl ureas, alkyl thiourea, melamine, polyamines, aniline and mixtures thereof, and 2 parts by weight of the broken-down alkali metal cellulose, are mixed, then agitated at a temperature between ambient temperature and 100°
C. for 10 minutes to 12 hours, thereby producing an aminoplast-broken-down cellulose resin;
then an acid compound, selected from the group consisting of a mineral acid, an organic acid and inorganic hydrogen-containing salt, is added until the pH is 5 to 7 while agitating until said resin begins to expand, thereby producing a cellular solid aminoplast-cellulose product, without the addition of a volatile blowing agent. - View Dependent Claims (12)
- C. to 220°
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13. The process for the production of phenoplast-broken-down cellulose foam by mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, then heating the mixture at 150°
- C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer, then 1 to 5 parts by weight of a phenol compound, selected from the group consisting of phenol, cresol, creosote, cresylic acid, resorcinol, Bisphenol A, cashew nut shell liquid, 2,6-dimethylphenol, p-tert-butyl-phenol and mixtures thereof, 1 to 5 mols of an aldehyde, selected from the group consisting of aqueous solution of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, furfural, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, butyl aldehyde, paraformaldehyde, pentanals, hexanals and mixtures thereof, and 2 parts by weight of the broken-down alkali metal cellulose are mixed, then agitated at a temperature from ambient to 100°
C. for 10 minutes to 12 hours, thereby producing a phenoplast-broken-down alkali metal cellulose resin, then an acid compound, selected from the group consisting of a mineral acid, an organic acid and an inorganic hydrogen-containing salt, or mixtures thereof, is added to said resin while agitating until the pH is 5 to 7, and the mixture begins to expand, thereby producing a cellular solid phenoplast-broken-down cellulose product;
1 to 5 mols of the aldehyde are added for each mol of phenol and no volatile blowing agents are added. - View Dependent Claims (14)
- C. to 220°
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33. The process for the production of a foamed broken-down cellulose polymers which has lost a CO2 radical per each basic polymer unit by mixing 2 parts by weight of a cellulose-containing plant with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, then heating the mixture at 150°
- C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal cellulose polymer, then an acid compound, selected from the group consisting of mineral acids, organic acids, inorganic hydrogen-containing salts and mixtures thereof, is added to the broken-down alkali metal cellulose until the pH is 5 to 7 and the mixture expands, thereby producing a cellular solid broken-down cellulose product, without the addition of a volatile blowing agent. - View Dependent Claims (34)
- C. to 220°
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35. The process for the production of foamed broken-down lignin-cellulose polymer which has lost a CO2 radical per each basic cellulose polymer unit by mixing 2 parts by weight of a plant containing lignin and cellulose with 1 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali metal hydroxide selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof, then heating the mixture at 150°
- C. to 220°
C. while agitating for 5 to 60 minutes, thereby producing a water-soluble broken-down alkali metal lignin-cellulose polymer which has lost a CO2 radical per each basic cellulose polymer unit, then an acid compound, consisting of mineral acids, organic acids, inorganic hydrogen-containing salts and mixtures thereof, is added to the broken-down alkali metal lignin-cellulose polymer until the pH is 5 to 7 and the mixture expands, thereby producing broken-down lignin-cellulose foam, without the addition of a volatile blowing agent.
- C. to 220°
Specification