Finger identification apparatus and method

• US 4,227,805 A
• Filed: 01/25/1978
• Issued: 10/14/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 01/25/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fingermatic Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Michael Schiller
• Inventors: Schiller, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): Corbin, John K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Punter, Wm. H.
• Application Number:
  US05/872,263
• Time in Patent Office: 993 Days
• Field of Search: 356/71, 356/209, 356/388, 340/146.3 E, 340/146.3 P, 340/146.3 Q, 250/566, 250/568, 350/162 SF
• US Class Current: 356/71
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1172 using fingerprinting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7257 using Fourier transforms
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/88 Image or video recognition using optical means, e.g. reference filters, holographic masks, frequency domain filters or spatial domain filters
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/12 Fingerprints or palmprints

Abstract

A slit beam of coherent light is scanned across a flat finger print or fingerpress to provide a modulated reflected light beam. A Fourier transform of the modulated light beam is projected onto a hologram of a standard character plate. The character plate, from which the hologram is made, contains standardized minutia; specifically, line bifurcations and line endings, that are typical of a finger surface image. Correspondence between one of the minutia being scanned and one of the minutia in the character plate results in correlation of the Fourier transform of the minutia being scanned with the hologram of the corresponding minutia on the character plate to produce a correlation beam. An array of photocells is placed optically downstream from the hologram. Excitation of one of the photocells by one of the correlation light beams serves to identify the minutia being scanned by type of minutia, position of minutia and angular orientation thereof.

Claims

1. Fingerpress processing apparatus comprising:

scanning means to scan an interrogating beam of spatially coherent light having a predetermined cross sectional shape across a fingerpress to provide a reflected light beam modulated with minutia identification information,

a holographic correlator coupled to said reflected light beam,

said correlator including a hologram of a predetermined character plate having a plurality of standardized finger identification minutia, said minutia including a first set of bifurcation minutia and a second set of line ending minutia, each of the bifurcation minutia in the first set being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other bifurcation minutia, each of said line ending minutia being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other line ending minutia, each of said standardized minutia having a predetermined spatial position on said character plate, and

projection means to project the Fourier transform of said reflected light beam onto said hologram to provide a plurality of correlation light beams indicative of the minutia being scanned on said fingerpress.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

a platen 18 having a back surface on which said fingerpress is applied, said back surface being sufficiently flat to assure correlation with the minutia of said predetermined character plate.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said predetermined character plate has a first column of bifurcation minutia and a second column of line ending minutia, said columns being spaced from and substantially parallel to one another, each of the bifurcation minutia in said first column being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other bifurcation minutia, each of said line ending minutia being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other line ending minutia.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising:

a platen 18 having a back surface on which said fingerpress is applied, said back surface being sufficiently flat to assure correlation with the minutia of said predetermined character plate.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of said standardized minutia on said character plate are formed by rotating a typical minutia through a predetermined angle to provide a standardized identification minutia character adequate to correlate with corresponding minutia on the fingerpress over said predetermined degree of rotation.

6. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein each of said standardized minutia on said character plate are formed by rotating a typical minutia through a predetermined angle to provide a standardized identification minutia character adequate to correlate with corresponding minutia on the fingerpress over said predetermined degree of rotation.

7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each of said standardized minutia on said character plate are formed by rotating a typical minutia through a predetermined angle to provide a standardized identification minutia character adequate to correlate with corresponding minutia on the fingerpress over said predetermined degree of rotation.

8. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein each of said standardized minutia on said character plate are formed by rotating a typical minutia through a predetermined angle to provide a standardized identification minutia character adequate to correlate with corresponding minutia on the fingerpress over said predetermined degree of rotation.

9. Fingerpress processing apparatus comprising:

a source of spatially coherent light providing an interrogating beam having a predetermined cross sectional shape,

scanning means to scan said interrogating beam across a fingerpress to provide a reflected light beam modulated with identification information, and

an off-axis holographic correlator coupled to said reflected light beam,

said correlator including a hologram of a predetermined character plate having a plurality of standardized finger identification minutia, said minutia including a first set of bifurcation minutia and a second set of line ending minutia, each of the bifurcation minutia in the first set being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other bifurcation minutia, each of said line ending minutia being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other line ending minutia, each of said standardized minutia having a predetermined spatial position on said character plate,

said correlator including an identification plate having a two dimensional array of photo-receptors, each of said receptors having a first state and a second state,

the correlation of a minutia being scanned on said fingerpress with a corresponding minutia of said predetermined character plate providing a light signal sufficient in intensity to change the state of at least one of said photoreceptors,

whereby each minutia in the fingerpress being scanned is identified as to kind, location and orientation.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising:

a platen 18 having a back surface on which said fingerpress is applied, said back surface being sufficiently flat to assure correlation with the minutia of said predetermined character plate.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said predetermined character plate has a first column of bifurcation minutia and a second column of line ending minutia, said columns being spaced from and substantially parallel to one another, each of the bifurcation minutia in said first column being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other bifurcation minutia, each of said line ending minutia being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other line ending minutia.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein each of said standardized minutia on said character plate are formed by rotating a typical minutia through a predetermined angle to provide a standardized identification minutia character adequate to correlate with corresponding minutia on the fingerpress over said predetermined degree of rotation.

13. The method of identifying a fingerpress comprising the steps of:

scanning said fingerpress with an interrogating beam of spatially coherent light having a predetermined cross-sectional shape to provide a reflected light beam modulated with identification information, and

correlating the minutia images carried by said reflected light beam against a plurality of predetermined standardized finger identification minutia from a character plate having a plurality of standardized finger identification minutia, said minutia including a first set of bifurcation minutia and a second set of line ending minutia, each of the bifurcation minutia in the first set being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other bifurcation minutia, each of said line ending minutia being identical to one another in shape and having an angular orientation unique relative to all other line ending minutia, each of said standardized minutia having a predetermined spatial position on said character plate,

said step of correlating including projecting the Fourier transform of said reflected light beam on a hologram of said character plate to provide correlation light beams representative of each correlation obtained.

14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of:

projecting said correlation light beams onto an array of photo-receptors to provide a plurality of output signals indicative of minutia type, position and angular orientation.

15. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of:

forming said standardized finger identification minutia from the area covered by rotating typical minutia over a predetermined number of degrees.

16. The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of:

forming said standardized finger identification minutia from the area covered by rotating typical minutia over a predetermined number of degrees.