Multiple-phase flowmeter and materials analysis apparatus and method

• US 4,228,353 A
• Filed: 05/02/1978
• Issued: 10/14/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 05/02/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Steven A. Johnson
• Original Assignee: Steven A. Johnson
• Inventors: Johnson, Steven A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Alfred E.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Grigsby, T. N.
• Application Number:
  US05/902,208
• Time in Patent Office: 896 Days
• Field of Search: 250/356, 250/277 R, 250/445 T, 73/194 R, 73/194 E, 73/194 M, 73/194 A
• US Class Current: 250/356.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/74 Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
• CPC Class Codes: G01F 1/76 Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 9/24 by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 378/901 Computer tomography program or processor

Abstract

An apparatus and method for elemental analysis and non-invasive measurement of the mass flow rate and/or density distribution of a multiple-phase system. The apparatus includes at least two X-ray sources, transmission detectors for the X-ray sources, fluorescence detectors, and collimators all of which are suitably indexed and multiplexed to provide information corresponding to the density distribution, elemental composition, phase composition, and/or flow rate of the system. Energy selective detectors are included in the apparatus to provide selective fluorescent radiation detection for fluorescence emitted by elements excited by the X-rays as a technique for obtaining an indication of the elemental composition of the system. X-ray sources and transmitted X-ray detectors are used to detect the density of the multiple-phase system at each point in a cross-section of the system. Corresponding second X-ray sources and detectors are mounted a moderately short distance from the first X-ray source and detector combination. The total mass flow rate and density distribution of the system is the integral over the area of the conduit for a plurality of point mass transfer rates and densities. A conventional computer system is included as part of the flowmeter and materials analysis apparatus to correlate and process the readings obtained by the various detectors and obtain thereby the mass flow rate, density and elemental composition of the multiple-phase system.

Claims

1. A non-invasive meter apparatus comprising:

a first radiation source and first radiation detector demountably attachable to a vessel at a first location;

a second radiation source and a second radiation detector demountably attachable to said vessel at a second location;

computing means for comparing radiation signals detected by the first detector with radiation signals received by the second detector; and

control means for selectively controlling the first and second radiation sources and the first and second detectors.

2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the first radiation source comprises a plurality of first radiation sources, the first radiation detector comprises a plurality of first radiation detectors, the second radiation source comprises a plurality of second radiation sources and the second radiation detector comprises a plurality of second radiation detectors.

3. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the first detector further includes a first fluorescence detector and the second detector further includes a second fluorescence detector.

4. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the first radiation source and the second radiation source further comprise filter means and voltage control means to thereby obtain a predetermined wavelength spectral distribution from the first and second radiation sources in order to provide improvements in reconstructing density, velocity and mass density at each point in a given cross section of the vessel and the averages over the cross section of the vessel.

5. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the first radiation source and the second radiation source are selected as ultrasound sources.

6. An apparatus for non-invasive detection of system characteristics comprising:

a first radiation source;

a first detector for the first radiation source, said first detector further comprising a first fluorescent radiation detector;

a second radiation source;

a second detector for the second radiation source, said second detector further comprising a second fluorescent radiation detector;

mounting means for mounting the first radiation source and the first detector externally of the system with the first radiation source being mounted opposite the first detector at a first position and the mounting means also accommodating mounting the second radiation source and the second detector externally of said system at a second position spaced from the first position with the second radiation source being mounted opposite the second detector; and

computation means for comparing a first set of radiation signals transmitted from the first radiation source to the first detector with a second set of radiation signals transmitted from the second radiation source to the second detector.

7. The apparatus defined in claim 6 wherein the first radiation source and the second radiation source are selected having a wavelength between the shorter wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum at the gamma wavelength range and the longer wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum at the infrared wavelength range.

8. The apparatus defined in claim 6 wherein the first and second radiation sources each comprise a plurality of radiation sources and the first and second detectors each comprise a plurality of detectors for the respective first and second radiation sources.

9. The apparatus defined in claim 8 wherein the first detectors comprise a first set of collimators, the first set of collimators providing limitation of radiation from each radiation source of the first radiation source to a preselected first detector and the second detectors comprise a second set of collimators, the second set of collimators providing limitation of radiation from each radiation source of the second radiation source to a preselected second detector.

10. The apparatus defined in claim 9 wherein the first set of collimators comprises a first set of radiation collimators for the first radiation detectors and a first set of fluorescent radiation collimators for the first fluorescent radiation detectors and the second set of collimators comprises a second set of radiation collimators for the second radiation detectors and a second set of fluorescent radiation collimators for the second fluorescent radiation detectors.

11. The apparatus defined in claim 10 wherein the mounting means further comprises indexing means for indexing each of the first set of radiation collimators, the first set of fluorescent radiation collimators, the second set of radiation collimators, and the second set of fluorescent radiation collimators in coordination with radiation sources.

12. An apparatus for assaying the elemental composition of a system comprising:

a plurality of electromagnetic radiation sources circumferentially arrayed in a first plane perpendicular to an axis of the system, each electromagnetic radiation source operable to transmit electromagnetic radiation into the system, the electromagnetic radiation causing the elements to fluoresce;

a plurality of fluorescent radiation detectors circumferentially arrayed in a second plane parallel to the first plane for detecting fluorescence emitted by the elements;

collimator means for delimiting the fluorescent radiation detector against spurious readings from the electromagnetic radiation;

switching means for selectively activating preselected electromagnetic radiation sources and fluorescent radiation detectors;

indexing means for selectively rotating the collimator means to inhibit electromagnetic radiation from being directly detected by the fluorescent radiation detectors while allowing fluorescence to be detected by the detectors; and

analyzing means for analyzing the detected fluorescence as a function of the elemental composition of the system.

13. The apparatus defined in claim 12 wherein the apparatus further comprises detector means for determining the elemental distribution in a cross section of the system.

14. An apparatus for non-invasive detection of system characteristics comprising:

a first radiation source;

a first detector for the first radiation source;

a second radiation source;

a second detector for the second radiation source;

mounting means for mounting the first radiation source and the first detector externally of the system with the first radiation source being mounted opposite the first detector at a first position and the mounting means also accommodating mounting the second radiation source and the second detector externally of said system at a second position spaced from the first position with the second radiation source being mounted opposite the second detector, the mounting means further comprising a first track externally mountable on the system adjacent the first position to accommodate rotational movement of the first radiation source and first detector about the system and a second track externally mountable on the system adjacent the second position to accommodate rotational movement of the second radiation source and the second detector about the system; and

computation means for comparing a first set of radiation signals transmitted from the first radiation source to the first detector with a second set of radiation signals transmitted from the second radiation source to the second detector.

15. The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein the first track and the second track are separable units to accommodate being independently and adjustably mounted to the system at preselected separation distances.

16. An apparatus for non-invasive detection of system characteristics comprising:

a first radiation source;

a first detector for the first radiation source;

a second radiation source;

a second detector for the second radiation source;

mounting means for mounting the first radiation source and the first detector externally of the system with the first radiation source being mounted opposite the first detector at a first position and the mounting means also accommodating mounting the second radiation source and the second detector externally of said system at a second position spaced from the first position with the second radiation source being mounted opposite the second detector;

injection means for injecting a known phase into the system to provide thereby a known phase fluctuation in the system; and

computation means for comparing a first set of radiation signals transmitted from the first radiation source to the first detector with a second set of radiation signals transmitted from the second radiation source to the second detector.

17. A method for measuring mass flow characteristics in a system comprising:

directing a first radiation through a conduit at a first location to a first detector;

directing a second radiation through the conduit at a second location to a second detector;

injecting a control phase into the system thereby providing improvements in detectable phase differences in the system for the first and second radiation; and

comparing the first radiation detected by the first detector with the second radiation detected by the second detector as a function of the flow characteristics.

18. A method for measuring mass flow characteristics in a system comprising:

directing a first radiation through a conduit at a first location to a first detector;

directing a second radiation through the conduit at a second location to a second detector;

comparing the first radiation detected by the first detector with the second radiation detected by the second detector as a function of the flow characteristics; and

detecting fluorescence with a fluorescent radiation detector thereby providing an indication of the elemental composition within the system.

19. An apparatus for assaying the elemental composition of a system comprising:

a first analysis apparatus comprising;

at least one electromagnetic radiation source operable to transmit electromagnetic radiation into the system, the electromagnetic radiation causing the elements to fluoresce;

at least one fluorescent radiation detector means for detecting fluorescence emitted by the elements; and

analyzing means for analyzing the detected fluorescence as a function of the elemental composition of the system;

a second analysis apparatus spaced from the first analysis apparatus a discrete distance on the system; and

cross correlation means for cross correlating the detected information of both apparatus.