Electrochromic display device

• US 4,228,431 A
• Filed: 12/13/1977
• Issued: 10/14/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 12/22/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Martin, David H., Bird, Colin L., Barclay, Donald J., Hallett, Michael H.
• Primary Examiner(s): Curtis, Marshall M.
• Application Number:
  US05/860,265
• Time in Patent Office: 1,036 Days
• Field of Search: 340/324 M, 340/324 R, 340/336, 340/763, 340/785, 350/357, 58/50 R
• US Class Current: 345/105
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2300/08 Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/027 Details of drivers for data electrodes, the drivers handling digital grey scale data, e.g. use of D/A converters
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/062 Waveforms for resetting a plurality of scan lines at a time
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/063 Waveforms for resetting the whole screen at once
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/38 using electrochromic devices

Abstract

According to the disclosure, electrochromic display apparatus is provided, comprising, an electrolyte containing an electrochromic material, a plurality of display electrodes in the electrolyte, the display electrodes being connected in at least one group to enable selection of display electrodes, means for selecting at least some display electrodes, means to effect deposition of a visible coating of colored species derived from the electrochromic material onto the selected display electrodes, and means to effect deposition of an invisible coating of the colored species onto all unselected display electrodes, whereby the potentials of selected and unselected display electrodes are equalized.

Claims

1. Electrochromic display apparatus, comprising:

an electrolyte containing an electrochromic material,

a plurality of display electrodes in said electrolyte,

said display electrodes being electrically connected in at least one group to enable selection of display electrodes,

means for selecting at least some display electrodes,

means to effect deposition of a visible coating of coloured species derived from the electrochromic material onto said selected display electrodes, and

means to effect deposition of an invisible coating of the coloured species onto all unselected display electrodes,

whereby the potentials of selected and unselected display electrodes are equalised.

2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein

said display electrodes are approximately of equal area,

said means to effect deposition of said visible coating effects deposition at a given rate for a given time, and

said means to effect deposition of said invisible coating effects deposition at the given rate for a particular time which is a fixed proportion of said given time.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein

said display electrodes are of approximately equal area,

are arranged in a first plurality of rows and in a second plurality of columns, and

are each connected to a respective electronic switch having a control electrode responsive to applied potential to control the passage of current through said switch to the related display electrode,

a first plurality of row conductors,

said control electrodes of the respective row being connected to a respective row conductor, and

a second plurality of column conductors, and

a plurality of column drive circuitry units,

said electronic switches are connected through respective column conductors to respective ones of said column drive circuitry units.

4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein each column drive circuitry unit includes

a bistable circuit with a first stable state and a second stable state,

a current source, and

a transistor switch connected in series with the respective column conductor and the current source,

said transistor switch being adapted to be closed for a time period sufficient to deposit a visible coating of coloured species when the bistable circuit is in said first stable state, and

said transistor switch being closed for a time period sufficient only to deposit an invisible coating of coloured species when said bistable circuit is in said second stable state.