Handwritten character identification

• US 4,232,290 A
• Filed: 07/13/1978
• Issued: 11/04/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 05/21/1974
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha (Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha (Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Nishioka, Yoshiki, Yasuda, Syoichi
• Primary Examiner(s): Thesz, Joseph M.
• Application Number:
  US05/924,362
• Time in Patent Office: 845 Days
• Field of Search: 340/146.3 Z, 340/146.3 A, 340/146.3 R, 340/146.3 J, 340/146.3 Y
• US Class Current: 382/187
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 30/224 of printed characters having additional code marks or containing code marks

Abstract

Handwritten character identification employs two constraining dots and radius vectors extending out from each of these dots in a manner to identify large quantities of numeral characters by determining which of these radius vectors are crossed, whereby these crossings sample a predetermined segmented character font pattern to designate the presence and absence of the respective segments. In particular, the number of the radius vectors concerning the horizontally-oriented segments is increased to minimize a possibility of error while leaving the two constraining dots to keep mild restrictions on the size and form of the characters to be handwritten and identified.

Claims

1. A method of identifying an alpha-numeric handwritten character comprising the steps of:

forming said handwritten character within a predetermined area,

said area being divisible into definable regions by a first reference pattern containing first and second spaced constraining dots and a plurality of radius vector means, extending from the region of each of said constraining dots, each of said radius vector means having at least two vector segments,

said radius vector means extending from said first constraining dot including six vertical radius vector segments including four radius vector segments Za₁, Za₂, Zd₁, Zd₂ extending upwardly from said first constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zb₁, Ze₁, extending downwardly from said first constraining dot toward said second constraining dot and four horizontal radius vector segments including two radius vector segments, Zg₁, Zg₂, extending from one side of said first constraining dot and two radius vector segments, Zi₁, Zi₂ extending from the opposite side of said first constraining dot,

said radius vector means extending from said second constraining dot including six vertical radius vector segments including four radius vector segments Zc₁, Zc₂, Zf₁, Zf₂ extending downwardly from said second constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zb₂, Ze₂ extending upwardly from said second constraining dot toward said first constraining dot and four horizontal radius vector segments including two radius vector segments Zh₁, Zh₂ extending from one side of said second constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zj₁, Zj₂ extending from the opposite side of said second constraining dot,

said area also being divisible into definable regions by a second reference pattern in the form of a character font consisting of horizontal and vertical font segments including six horizontal font segments Sa, Sd, Sb, Se, Sc, Sf and four vertical font segments, Sg, Si, Sh, Sj, said font segments collectively forming a figure eight configuration,

each character to be idenfified having a shape which can be approximated by a predetermined combination of font segments,

the identity and location of each font segment in said area being definable by conditions of coincidence of portions of said handwritten character with predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments,

detecting which predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments have portions which are coincident with portions of said handwritten character formed in said area to establish said conditions of coincidence and to identify those font segments satisfying said conditions of coincidence from the following logic equations;

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Sa = Za.sub.1 ·

Za.sub.2 Sb = Zb.sub.1 + Zb.sub.2 Sc = Zc.sub.1 ·

Zc.sub.2 Sd = Zd.sub.1 ·

Zd.sub.2 Se = Ze.sub.1 + Ze.sub.2 Sf = Zf.sub.1 ·

Zf.sub.2 Sg = Zg.sub.1 ·

Zg.sub.2 Sh = Zh.sub.1 ·

Zh.sub.2 Si = Zi.sub.1 ·

Zi.sub.2 Sj = Zj.sub.1 ·

Zj.sub.2 ______________________________________

identifying said handwritten character by correlating the identified font segments with said predetermined combinations of font segments to determine the approximate shape of said handwritten character, and therefore, the identity thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 comprising detecting only said predetermined pairs wherein at least two points of coincidence exist for each respective radius vector segment with said portions of said handwritten character.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein said first memory means is a read only memory (ROM) and said second memory means is a random access memory (RAM).

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said logic circuit means includes counter means coupled to said second memory means for establishing minimum standard criteria for the existence of a condition of coincidence between portions of said handwritten character and each radius vector segment of said first reference pattern, said minimum standard criteria being the occurrence of at least two points of coincidence for each radius vector segment, said counter means generating an output pulse for each vector segment only after the receipt of at least two output pulses representing said at least two points of coincidence from said second memory means from an addressable region of a single radius vector segment.

3. A system of identifying an alpha-numeric handwritten character formed in a predetermined area comprising:

first reference pattern means for dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said pattern containing first and second spaced constraining dots and a plurality of radius vector means extending from the region of each of said constraining dots, each of said radius vector means having at least two vector segments;

second reference pattern means also dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said second reference pattern means being in the form of a character font consisting only of horizontal and vertical font segments, said character font having first and second sets of said font segments for approximating the shape of upper and lower halves of a character, respectively, said first set being substantially symetrically disposed about said first constraining dot and said second set being substantially symetrically disposed about said second constraining dot, each character to be identified having a shape which can be approximated by a predetermined combination of font segments, the identity and location of each font segment in said area being definable by conditions of coincidence of portions of said handwritten character with predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments;

means for detecting which predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments have portions which are coincident with portions of said handwritten character formed in said area to establish said conditions of coincidence and to identify those font segments corresponding to said conditions of coincidence, said means for detecting only detecting said predetermined pairs when at least two points of coincidence exist for each respective radius vector segment with said portions of said handwritten character; and

means for identifying said handwritten character by correlating the identified font segments with said predetermined combinations of font segments to determine the approximate shape of said handwritten character and therefore, the identity thereof.

6. The method of claim 3 or 4 said character font including ten font segments.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said ten font segments include three parallel pairs of horizontal font segments, the horizontal font segments of each of said pairs being disposed in end-to-end alignment and four vertical font segments so positioned across the ends of said parallel pairs of horizontal font segments to form a figure eight configuration.

8. The system of claims 3 or 4 further comprising:

first memory means for electronically storing said first reference pattern in a two dimensional storage array;

reader means for scanning said predetermined area and generating electrical signals representing the locations of portions of said handwritten character formed in said predetermined area;

said means for detecting including,

second memory means for storing the electrical signals generated by said reader means in a two dimensional storage array,

means for addressing said second memory means only at positions corresponding to the two dimensional storage positions of said first memory means in which said first reference pattern is stored to thereby detect conditions of coincidence between said portions of said handwritten character and portions of said first reference pattern,

logic circuit means responsive to said conditions of coincidence for establishing which predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments are coincident with said portions of said handwritten character;

said means for identifying including,

matrix means responsive to said logic circuit means for determining which font segments have been identified by said predetermined pairs of said radius vectors, and

means responsive to said matrix means and the font segments identified thereby for generating an output signal representative of said handwritten character.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said first memory means is a read only memory (ROM) and said second memory means is a random access memory (RAM).

10. The system of claim 9 wherein said logic circuit means includes counter means coupled to said second memory means for establishing minimum standard criteria for the existence of a condition of coincidence between positions of said handwritten character and each radius vector segment of said first reference pattern, said minimum standard criteria being the occurrence of at least two points of coincidence with each radius vector segment, said counter means generating an output pulse for each vector segment only after the receipt of at least two output pulses representing said at least two points of coincidence from an addressable region of a single radius vector segment.

4. A system for identifying an alpha-numeric handwritten character formed in a predetermined area comprising;

first reference pattern means for dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said first reference pattern means containing first and second spaced constraining dots and a plurality of radius vector means, extending from the region of each of said constraining dots, each of said radius vector means having at least two vector segments,

said radius vector means extending from said first constraining dot including six vertical radius vector segments including four radius vector segments Za₁, Za₂, Zd₁, Zd₂ extending upwardly from said first constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zb₁, Ze₁, extending downwardly from said first constraining dot toward said second constraining dot, and four horizontal radius vector segments including two radius vector segments, Zg₁, Zg₂, extending from one side of said first constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zi₁, Zi₂ extending from the opposite side of said first constraining dot,

said radius vector means extending from said second constraining dot including six vertical radius vector segments including four radius vector segments Zc₁, Zc₂, Zf₁, Zf₂ extending downwardly from said second constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zb₁, Ze₁ extending upwardly from said second constraining dot toward said first constraining dot and four horizontal radius vector segments including two radius vector segments Zh₁, Zh₂ extending from one side of said second constraining dot and two radius vector segments Zj₁, Zj₂ extending from the opposite side of said second constraining dot,

said reference pattern means for dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said second reference pattern means being in the form of a character font consisting of horizontal and vertical font segments including six horizontal font segments Sa, Sd, Sb, Se, Sc, Sf, and four vertical font segments, Sg, Si, Sh, Sj, said font segments collectively forming a figure eight configuration,

each character to be identified having a shape which can be approximated by a predetermined combination of font segments,

the identity and location of each font segment in said area being definable by conditions of coincidence of portions of said handwritten character with predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments,

means for detecting which predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments have portions which are coincident with portions of said handwritten character formed in said area to establish said conditions of coincidence and to identify those font segments satisfying said conditions of coincidence from the following logic equations;

space="preserve" listing-type="tabular">______________________________________ Sa = Za.sub.1 ·

Za.sub.2 Sb = Zb.sub.1 + Zb.sub.2 Sc = Zc.sub.1 ·

Zc.sub.2 Sd = Zd.sub.1 ·

Zd.sub.2 Se = Ze.sub.1 + Zd.sub.2 Sf = Zf.sub.1 ·

Zf.sub.2 Sg = Zg.sub.1 ·

Zg.sub.2 Sh = Zh.sub.1 ·

Zh.sub.2 Si = Zi.sub.1 ·

Zi.sub.2 Sj = Zj.sub.1 ·

Zj.sub.2 ______________________________________

means for identifying said handwritten character by correlating the identified font segments with said predetermined combinations of font segments to determine the approximate shape of said handwritten character, and therefore, the identity thereof.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein said means for detecting only detects said predetermined pairs when at least two points of coincidence exist for each respective radius vector segment with said portions of said handwritten character.

11. A system of identifying an alpha-numeric character formed in a predetermined area comprising:

first reference pattern means for dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said pattern containing first and second spaced constraining dots and a plurality of radius vector means extending from the region of each of said constraining dots, each of said radius vector means having at least two vector segments;

second reference pattern means also for dividing said predetermined area into definable regions, said second reference pattern means being in the form of a character font consisting only of horizontal and vertical font segments, said character font having first and second sets of said font segments for approximating the shape of upper and lower halves of a character, respectively, said first set being substantially symetrically disposed about said first constraining dot and said second set being substantially symetrically disposed about said second constraining dot, each character to be identified having a shape which can be approximated by a predetermined combination of font segments, the identity and location of each font segment in said area being definable by conditions of coincidence of portions of said handwritten character with predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments;

first memory means for electrically storing said first reference pattern in a two dimensional storage array;

optical reader means for scanning said predetermined area and generating electrical signals representing the locations of portions of said handwritten character formed in said predetermined area;

second memory means for storing the electrical signals generated by said reader means in a two dimensional storage array;

means for addressing said second memory means only at positions corresponding to the two dimensional storage array positions of said first memory means in which said first reference pattern is stored to thereby detect conditions of coincidence between said portions of said handwritten character and portions of said first reference pattern;

logic circuit means responsive to said conditions of coincidence for generating output signals representative of which font segments have been identified by said predetermined pairs of said radius vector segments; and

responsive to the output signals of said logic circuit means for generating an output signal representative of said handwritten character.