Passive direction finding system

• US 4,236,159 A
• Filed: 02/03/1975
• Issued: 11/25/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 02/03/1975
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Alpers, Frederick C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hubler, Malcolm F.
• Application Number:
  US05/546,467
• Time in Patent Office: 2,122 Days
• Field of Search: 343/113, 343/100 CL
• US Class Current: 342/378
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/14 Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction aerial arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00; combinations of different interacting aerial units for giving a desired directional characteristic H01Q21/29; aerials or aerial systems providing at least two radiation patterns H01Q25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/46 using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems

Abstract

A passive direction finding system incorporating at least one set of spacapart antennas, the incoming signal at one antenna being coupled through a delay line having a multiplicity of taps thereon, a plurality of channels equal in number to the number of delay taps and signal processing means coupled to the output of said channels, a reference channel coupled to the output of the other antenna, phase shifting means for varying the phase of the reference channel signal, a frequency modulated oscillator which provides an output signal that is beat against the outputs of the delay line and the output of the second antenna, and a correlator coupled to the output of the channels for determining when correlation exists between a signal from the first antenna and the second antenna to indicate direction of an incoming signal with respect to the baseline between the set of antennas.

Claims

1. A passive direction finding system comprising;

at least one set of spaced apart antennas;

delay means operatively connected to the output of one of said at least one set of antennas and having a plurality of output taps thereon;

mixer means operatively associated with each of said output taps on said delay means and receiving an output therefrom;

oscillator means for producing an output signal at the output thereof;

said mixer means also operatively receiving the output signal from said oscillator means;

signal conditioning means operatively associated with said mixer means and receiving the output therefrom for amplifying and clipping the output of said mixer means;

said signal conditioning means and said mixer means being instrumented so that they are equivalent in number to the number of output taps on said delay means and correspond to a predetermined number of channels;

other mixer means operatively coupled to the output of the other of said at least one set of antennas and receiving the output therefrom;

said other mixer means also receiving an output signal from said oscillator means;

other signal conditioning means operatively coupled to the output of said other mixer means for amplifying and clipping the output of said mixer means;

said other mixer means and other signal conditioning means being instrumented so that they correspond to a reference channel;

and correlator means operatively coupled to said signal conditioning means and said other signal conditioning means for determining the correlation between signals present in said channels and said reference channel.

2. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 1 wherein;

said signal conditioning means comprises an amplifier and overdriven amplifier and additional delay means in series between said amplifier and said said overdriven amplifier.

3. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said correlator means comprises;

a plurality of coincidence means having inputs and outputs therefrom;

one of the inputs to said coincidence means comprising the output of said reference channel;

another input to said coincidence means comprising the output of the receiver channels wherein channel 1 is coupled to one of said coincidence means, channel 2 is coupled to another said coincidence means, channel 3 is coupled to another said coincidence means, etc.;

another plurality of coincidence means having inputs and at least one output therefrom;

said other plurality of coincidence means receiving inputs from a clock pulse generator;

said other coincidence means being operative to produce an output pulse therefrom when an input from the pulse generator and an output from one of said first mentioned coincidence means coincides at the input thereto;

detector means operatively associated with each of said other coincidence means for detecting the presence of a predetermined number of output pulses from said other coincidence means;

said detector means having an output which is coupled to the input of a gating circuit;

the number of gating circuits being equal in number to the number of detector means;

each of said gating circuits being biased such that the output of said detector means having the largest signal will be gated therethrough; and

indicating means coupled to the output of said gating means for indicating the channel on which the largest signal has appeared.

4. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 1 and further including;

another delay means operatively connected between said oscillator means and said mixer means;

said another delay means having a plurality of output taps equal in number to the number of mixer means.

5. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 4 wherein;

said signal conditioning means comprise an amplifier and overdriven amplifier; and

additional delay means in series between said amplifier and said overdriven amplifier.

6. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 2 wherein;

said other signal conditioning means comprises an amplifier and overdriven amplifier and further delay means in series between said amplifier and overdriven amplifier.

7. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 1 and further including;

frequency modulating means operatively connected to said oscillator means for frequency modulating the output signal of the oscillator.

8. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 1 and further including;

phase shifter means having an input and operatively connected between the output of said oscillator means and the other mixer means; and

phase shift modulator operatively connected to the input of said phase shifter means for causing said phase shifter to sweep between 0° and

360°

.

9. A passive direction finding system as set forth in claim 6 and further including;

detector means having an input operatively coupled to the output of said amplifier which comprises part of said other signal conditioning means and having an output;

blanking pulse generator means having an input and output; and

said input operatively receiving an output from said detector means;

the output of said blanking pulse being coupled as an additional input to said amplifier forming part of said other signal conditioning means and also forming an additional input to said correlator means.