Nonpulsating IV pump and disposable pump chamber

• US 4,236,880 A
• Filed: 03/09/1979
• Issued: 12/02/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Graseby Medical Limited (ICU Medical Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Archibald Development Labs Incorporated
• Inventors: Archibald, G. Kent
• Primary Examiner(s): Gluck, Richard E.
• Application Number:
  US06/019,223
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 417/474, 417/475, 417/478, 417/479, 417/480, 417/510, 92/98 D, 92/92, 138/30
• US Class Current: 417/478
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3355 Controlling downstream pump pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2206/22 eliminating pulsatile flows, e.g. by the provision of a dampening chamber
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14224 Diaphragm type
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/168 Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body flow control in general G05D7/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16854 by monitoring line pressure
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/0054 particularities of the flexible members
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/021 the plate-like flexible member is pressed against a wall by a number of elements, each having an alternating movement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate-like flexible member and each having its own driving mechanism
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 43/082 the tubular flexible member being pressed against a wall by a number of elements, each having an alternating movement in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the tubular member and each having its own driving mechanism
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 7/00 Piston machines or pumps characterised by having positively-driven valving
• CPC Class Codes: F04B 9/042 the means being cams

Abstract

A small, accurate, reliable and economical pump which is particularly useful in intravenous (IV) feeding includes a disposable pump chamber and a pump housing. The disposable pump chamber has an inlet, an outlet, and first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers. First and second cylinders in the pump housing are positioned to receive the first and second flexible rolling diaphragms of the disposable pump chamber. First and second pistons are movable in the first and second cylinders, respectively. In addition, first and second valves are provided in the pump housing. The first valve controls fluid flow between the inlet and the first flexible rolling diaphragm pump chamber, while the second valve controls fluid flow between the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber. A motor and cam shaft drive the first and second pistons and the first and second valves. The first and second valves are controlled so that one valve is closed at all times, thereby providing fail safe operation of the pump.

Claims

1. A pump comprising:

a disposable pump chamber having an inlet, an outlet, and first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers connected between the inlet and outlet;

a pump housing for receiving the disposable pump chamber;

a first cylinder in the housing positioned to receive the first flexible rolling diaphragm;

a second cylinder in the pump housing positioned to receive the second flexible rolling diaphragm;

a first piston movable in the first cylinder;

a second piston movable in the second cylinder;

first valve means for controlling fluid flow between the inlet and the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber;

second valve means for controlling the fluid flow between the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the second flexible rolling diaphragm chamber; and

drive means for causing relative motion of the first cylinder and first piston and relative motion of the second cylinder and second piston to vary the volumes of the first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers.

2. The pump claimed in claim 1 wherein the disposable pump chamber has a first flexible section connecting the inlet and the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and has a second flexible section connecting the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber.

3. The pump of claim 1 wherein the first and second valve means control fluid flow by controllably constricting the first and second flexible sections, respectively.

4. The pump of claim 1 wherein the drive means causes relative motion of the first cylinder and first piston and relative motion of the second cylinder and second piston such that when the volume of the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber is increasing the volume of the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber is decreasing and when the volume of the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber is decreasing the volume of the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber is increasing.

5. The pump of claim 4 wherein the first valve means permits fluid flow into the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber when the volume of the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber is increasing, and wherein the second valve means permits fluid flow from the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber to the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber when the volume of the first chamber is decreasing and the volume of the second chamber is increasing.

6. The pump of claim 1 wherein the drive means comprises:

a motor; and

a cam shaft driven by the motor and having cams for driving the first and second pistons.

7. The pump of claim 6 wherein the cam shaft also has cams for driving the first and second valve means.

8. The pump of claim 7 wherein the motor is a stepper motor.

9. The pump of claim 1 and further comprising:

back pressure sensing means for sensing fluid pressure within the disposable pump chamber at a potsition between the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the outlet.

10. The pump of claim 9 wherein the disposable pump chamber further comprises:

a third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber between the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the outlet.

11. The pump of claim 10 wherein the back pressure sensing means comprises:

means for sensing fluid pressure within the third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber.

12. The pump of claim 11 wherein the means for sensing fluid pressure comprises:

a third cylinder; and

a third piston movable within the third cylinder in response to fluid pressure within the third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber.

13. The pump of claim 12 wherein the means for sensing fluid pressure further comprises:

a movable electric contact connected to and movable with the third piston;

a first fixed contact located at a fixed position with respect to the third cylinder; and

spring means for applying a spring force to the third piston in a direction opposite to force supplied by fluid pressure within the third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber.

14. The pump of claim 13 wherein the movable electric contact breaks contact with the first fixed contact when a first pressure within the third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber is attained.

15. The pump of claim 14 and further comprising:

a second fixed contact located at a fixed position with respect to the third cylinder, wherein the movable electric contact engages the second fixed contact when a second pressure within the third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber is attained.

16. The pump of claim 15 and further comprising:

adjusting means for adjusting the fixed positions of the first and second fixed contacts.

17. The pump of claim 1 and further comprising:

bubble sensor means for sensing the presence of an air bubble in the fluid within the disposable pump chamber.

18. The pump of claim 17 wherein the bubble sensor means is external to the disposable pump chamber.

19. The pump of claim 18 wherein the bubble sensor means comprises:

first and second capacitive sensor means for sensing capacitance of the disposable pump chamber and fluid therein at two different positions.

20. The pump of claim 19 wherein the first and second capacitive sensor means comprise a common electrode positioned on one side of the disposable pump chamber, and first and second spaced electrodes positioned on an opposite side of the disposable pump chamber, opposite the common electrode.

21. The pump of claim 20 wherein the bubble sensor means further comprises:

means for sensing differences in capacitance between the first capacitive sensor means, and the second capacitive sensor means.

22. The pump of claim 1 wherein the pump housing comprises:

diaphragm enclosure means having the first and second cylinders formed therein; and

cover means for covering the disposable pump chamber when the disposable pump chamber is in position on the diaphragm enclosure means.

23. The pump of claim 22 wherein the diaphragm cover means is formed of transparent material.

24. The pump of claim 22 and further comprising:

hinge means for connecting the cover means and the diaphragm enclosure means.

25. The pump of claim 22 and further comprising latch means for latching the cover means and the diaphragm enclosure means in a closed position.

26. The pump of claim 25 and further comprising:

means for sensing whether the cover means is latched closed.

27. The pump of claim 22 and further comprising:

registration means on the pump housing for ensuring proper registration of the disposable pump chamber with respect to the diaphragm enclosure means.

28. The pump of claim 27 wherein the registration means comprises:

a registration pin on a top surface of the diaphragm enclosure means; and

a registration hole in the disposable pump chamber for receiving the registration pin when the disposable pump chamber is in proper registration with respect to the diaphragm enclosure means.

29. The pump of claim 22 wherein the first and second valve means extend through the diaphragm enclosure means.

30. The pump of claim 29 wherein the drive means comprises:

a motor;

a cam shaft driven by the motor and having cams for driving the first and second pistons and the first and second valve means; and

cam housing means connected to the diaphragm enclosure means for rotatably supporting the cam shaft.

31. The pump of claim 30 wherein the cam housing means and the diaphragm enclosure means are movably connected and wherein spring means apply a force tending to separate the cam housing means and the diaphragm enclosure means.

32. The pump of claim 31 and further comprising:

hinge means for connecting the cover means and the diaphragm enclosure means;

first latching means for latching the cover means and the diaphragm enclosure means in a closed position; and

second latching means for holding the diaphragm enclosure means against the force applied by the spring means in a position proximate the cam housing means.

33. The pump of claim 30 and further comprising:

means for sensing rotation of the cam shaft.

34. The pump of claim 22 wherein the diaphragm enclosure means has depressions in its top surface for draining fluid in the event of a leak in the disposable pump chamber.

35. The pump of claim 1 wherein the disposable pump chamber further comprises inlet tubing connected to the inlet and outlet tubing connected at the outlet of the disposable pump chamber.

36. For use in a pump having a pump housing, first and second cylinders in the housing, first and second pistons movable in the first and second cylinders, respectively, first and second valve means for controlling fluid flow, and drive means for causing relative motion of the first cylinder and the first piston and relative motion of the second cylinder and the second piston, a disposable pump chamber comprising:

an inlet, an outlet, first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers, a first connecting section for connecting the inlet and the first flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber, a second connecting section connecting the first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers, and a third connecting section connecting the second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chamber and the outlet, the first and second flexible rolling diaphragm pumping chambers being positioned in the first and second cylinders, respectively, when the disposable pump chamber is positioned in the pump housing.

37. The disposable pump chamber of claim 36 wherein the third connecting section includes a third flexible rolling diaphragm chamber.

38. The disposable pump chamber of claim 36 and further comprising:

inlet tubing connected at the inlet; and

outlet tubing connected at the outlet.

39. The disposable pump chamber of claim 38 and further comprising:

a first tapered transition section between the inlet tubing and the first connecting section; and

a second tapered transition section between the third connecting section and the outlet tubing.

40. The disposable pump chamber of claim 36 wherein the disposable pump chamber has top and bottom parts which are joined together.

41. The disposable pump chamber of claim 40 wherein the top and bottom parts are heat-sealed together.

42. The disposable pump chamber of claim 40 and further comprising:

inlet tubing and outlet tubing bonded between the top and bottom parts at the inlet and outlet, respectively.