Electrolyte salt for non-aqueous electrochemical cells

• US 4,238,552 A
• Filed: 07/03/1979
• Issued: 12/09/1980
• Est. Priority Date: 07/03/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Duracell Incorporated (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: P R Mallory & Company Incorporated (Tupperware Brands Corporation)
• Inventors: Bowden, William L., Dey, Arabinda N., Miller, John S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Walton, Donald L.
• Application Number:
  US06/054,494
• Time in Patent Office: 525 Days
• Field of Search: 429/101, 429/105, 429/196, 429/194
• US Class Current: 429/101
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/14 Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte

Abstract

Novel electrolyte salts having high current carrying capability and which substantially prevent voltage delay in cells containing fluid depolarizers such as thionyl chloride (SOCl₂). The salts contain an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and a halo-gallate indate or thallate anion. The salts additionally preferably contain a chalcogen such as oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium therein.

Claims

1. A non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising an anode, above hydrogen in the EMF series, a cathode depolarizer and a dissolved electrolyte salt wherein said salt contains an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of halo-gallates, halo-thallates and mixtures thereof.

2. The cell of claim 1 wherein said anion further includes a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium.

3. The cell of claim 2 wherein said chalcogen comprises oxygen.

4. The cell of claim 3 wherein said cathode depolarizer is selected from the group consisting of fluid oxyhalides, non-metallic oxides, non-metallic halides and mixtures thereof.

5. The cell of claim 4 wherein said cathode depolarizer is selected from the group consisting of SOCl₂, POCl₃, SeOCl₂, SO₂, SO₃, VOCl₃, CrO₂ Cl₂, SO₂ Cl₂, NOCl, NO₂, S₂ Cl₂, S₂ Br₂ and mixtures thereof.

6. The cell of claim 5 wherein said cathode depolarizer comprises SOCl₂.

7. The cell of claim 6 wherein said halo constituent comprises chlorine.

8. The cell of claim 7 wherein said cation is comprised of lithium.

9. A non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising a lithium anode, a fluid cathode depolarizer and a dissolved electrolyte salt selected from the group consisting of Li₂ O(GaCl₃)₂, Li₂ O(InCl₃)₂, and Li₂ O(TlCl₃)₂.

10. The cell of claim 9 wherein said depolarizer comprises SOCl₂.

11. The cell of claim 10 wherein said electrolyte salt comprises Li₂ O(GaCl₃)₂.

12. A non-aqueous electrochemical cell comprising an anode above hydrogen in the EMF series, a cathode depolarizer selected from the group consisting of fluid oxyhalides, non-metallic oxides, non-metallic halides and mixtures thereof and a dissolved electrolyte salt wherein said salt contains an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation and an anion selected from the group consisting of halo-gallates, halo-indates, halo-thallates and mixtures thereof.

13. The cell of claim 12 wherein said anion further includes a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, selenium and tellurium.

14. The cell of claim 12 wherein said cathode depolarizer is selected from the group consisting of SOCl₂, POCl₃, SeOCl₂, SO₂, SO₃, VOCl₃, CrO₂ Cl₂, SO₂ Cl₂, NO₂, SZ₂ Cl₂, S₂ Br₂ and mixtures thereof.

15. The cell of claim 14 wherein said cathode depolarizer comprises SOCl₂.

16. The cell of claim 15 wherein said halo constituent comprises chlorine.

17. The cell of claim 16 wherein said cation is comprised of lithium.