Digital video correlator

• US 4,244,029 A
• Filed: 12/12/1977
• Issued: 01/06/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 12/12/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Loral Corporation (Newell Brands Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Goodyear Aerospace Corporation (Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company)
• Inventors: Hogan, James J., Wallace, Gene A., Lambert, Charles O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Birmiel, Howard A.
• Application Number:
  US05/859,403
• Time in Patent Office: 1,121 Days
• Field of Search: 364/515, 364/728, 340/146.3 Q
• US Class Current: 382/218
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 17/153 Multidimensional correlation or convolution

Abstract

A digital video correlator wherein a reference image and a live image are digitized and compared against each other in a shifting network to determine the correlation or degrees thereof existing between the two images. Fundamentally, the invention includes a video digitizer which divides live and real images from various sources into picture elements and digitizes those elements to fixed voltage levels. The digitized live image is passed to a dynamic memory consisting of a plurality of interconnected shift registers while the digitized reference image is maintained within a first set of shift registers comprising a portion of a processor. A second set of shift registers within the processor maintain therein a mask function. Yet a third set of shift registers within the processor are interconnected in parallel to the dynamic memory to receive, under control of a clock, the digitized data of the live image. As the live image data is shifted through the third set of shift registers, single-bit correlators interconnecting corresponding bits of each of the first, second, and third sets of shift registers, compare the digitized values of the corresponding bits, with such comparison being enabled or negated by the mask function. The outputs of all the single-bit correlators are summed together with that sum indicating the degree of correlation, on a bit-by-bit basis, between the live and reference images. Further circuitry is included to determine the point of best correlation between the two images and to normalize or take the mean value of the correlation output.

Claims

1. A digital video correlator for comparing a live image with a reference image, comprising:

digitizing means for dividing the live and reference images into pixels and digitizing said pixels into bits of binary data;

a first shift register connected to said digitizing means for receiving, in sequential order, said bits of binary data of the digitized pixels of the live image;

correlator means interconnected between said digitizing means and said first shift register for receiving and maintaining in sequential order the digitized pixels of the reference image and receiving the digitized pixels of the live image from first shift register, said correlator means comprising second, third, and fourth shift registers, corresponding bits of which are interconnected to a plurality of logic circuit means for producing an output corresponding to an exclusive OR function between corresponding bits of said second and third shift registers logically ANDed with the corresponding bit of said fourth shift register; and

gating circuit means connected to said first, second, third, and fourth shift registers for gating selectable inputs to said registers, said gating means being interconnected between said first shift register and said third shift register for selectively gating binary ones, binary zeros, or the bits of binary data of the live image to said third shift register.

2. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein said first shift register receives said bits of binary data for the live image in sequential order.

3. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein each of said logic circuit means comprises an exclusive OR gate interconnected between corresponding bits of said second and third shift registers.

4. The digital video correlator according to claim 3 wherein each of said logic circuit means further includes an AND gate receiving as an input thereto the output of said associated exclusive OR gate and as another input thereto the bit of said fourth shift register corresponding to the bit of said second and third shift registers connected to the associated exclusive OR gate.

5. The digital video correlator according to claim 4 which further includes a summing circuit receiving and summing the outputs of each of said AND gates.

6. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein said second shift register receives and maintains therein the bits of binary data for the reference image.

7. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein said third shift register receives and maintains therein the bits of binary data for the live image.

8. The digital video correlator according to claim 7 wherein said fourth shift register is interconnected with a mask generator for receiving and maintaining a binary mask therein.

9. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein said gating means is further connected to a mask generator for selectively gating a mask to said fourth register.

10. The digital video correlator according to claim 1 wherein said first shift register serially shifts the bits of data of the live image therethrough.

11. Apparatus for comparing bits of binary data of a reference image with bits of binary data of a live image, comprising:

a first shift register receiving and maintaining bits of binary data of the reference image;

a second shift register shifting the bits of binary data of the live image therethrough under control of a clock;

a plurality of logic circuits, one interconnected between corresponding bits of each of said first and second shift registers, for producing output signals corresponding to the correlation between said corresponding bits;

a summing circuit interconnected to each of said plurality of logic circuits and summing said output signals to produce a correlation signal as an aggregate of said output signals; and

a mask generator connected to a third shift register, corresponding bits of said third shift register being connected to the corresponding ones of said logic circuits which are connected to corresponding bits of said first and second shift registers.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein said mask generator and third shift register enable and inhibit said output signals of said logic circuits.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11 wherein each of said logic circuits comprises an exclusive OR gate interconnected between corresponding bits of said first and second shift registers, and an AND gate interconnected between said exclusive OR gate and said third shift register.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11 which further includes a fourth shift register serially shifting the bits of binary data of the live image therethrough, inputs of said second shift register being connected in parallel to outputs of said fourth shift register, the shifting of data through said second and fourth shift registers being under control of the same clock.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11 which further includes a plurality of multiplier circuits connected to outputs of certain of said logic circuits for weighting the output signals thereof and passing said weighted output signals to said summing circuit.

16. A digital video correlator for comparing a live image with a reference image, comprising:

digitizing means for dividing the live and reference images into pixels and digitizing said pixels into bits of binary data;

a first shift register connected to said digitizing means for receiving, in sequential order, said bits of binary data of the digitized pixels of the live image;

correlator means interconnected between said digitizing means and said first shift register for receiving and maintaining in sequential order the digitized pixels of the reference image and receiving the digitized pixels of the live image from said first shift register, said correlator means comprising second, third, and fourth shift registers, corresponding bits of which are interconnected to a plurality of logic circuit means for producing an output corresponding to an exclusive OR function between corresponding bits of said second and third shift registers logically ANDed with the corresponding bit of said fourth shift register;

gating circuit means connected to said first, second, third, and fourth shift registers for gating selectable input to said registers, said gating means being interconnected between said first shift register and said third shift register for selectively gating binary ones, binary zeros, or the bits of binary data of the live image to said third shift register; and

wherein outputs of each of said logic circuit means are summed in a summing circuit and further including a divider circuit interconnected to said summing circuit for dividing the sum achieved by said summing circuit when a first set of inputs are selected by said gating circuit means by the sum achieved by said summing circuit when a second set of inputs are selected by said gating circuit means.

17. The digital video correlator according to claim 16 which further includes a third shift register in parallel connection with said first shift register at a plurality of points, a shifting of bits of binary data through said first register, through said second register, and from said first register to said second register being under control of a common clock.

18. A digital video correlator for comparing a live image with a reference image, comprising:

digitizing means for dividing the live and reference images into pixels and digitizing said pixels into bits of binary data;

a first shift register connected to said digitizing means for receiving, in sequential order, the digitized pixels of the live image;

correlator means interconnected between said digitizing means and said first shift register for receiving and maintaining in sequential order the digitized pixels of the reference image and receiving the digitized pixels of the live image from said first shift register, said correlator means comprising second, third, and fourth shift registers, corresponding bits of which are interconnected to a plurality of logic circuit means for producing an output corresponding to an exclusive OR function between corresponding bits of said second and third shift registers logically ANDed with the corresponding bit of said fourth shift registers;

gating circuit means connected to said first, second, third, and fourth shift registers for gating selectable inputs to said registers; and

a mask generator connected to said gating means, said gating means masking the bits of binary data of the reference image gated to said second shift register.

19. The digital video correlator according to claim 18 wherein said gating means is connected to said second shift registers for selectively gating binary ones, binary zeros, or the bits of binary data of the reference image to said second register.