Ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus for heat exchangers

• US 4,244,749 A
• Filed: 11/24/1978
• Issued: 01/13/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 11/24/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Original Assignee: Johns Hopkins University
• Inventors: Hill, Freeman K., Sachs, Samuel L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Caroff, Marc L.
• Application Number:
  US05/963,417
• Time in Patent Office: 781 Days
• Field of Search: 134/1, 134/184, 134/18, 114/222, 165/95, 310/337, 366/127, 367/153, 367/154, 367/155, 367/156
• US Class Current: 134/1
• CPC Class Codes: B08B 3/12 by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware using sonic or ultrasonic waves A47L15/13; of natural teeth, of prostheses using ultrasonic techniques similar to those used for natural teeth A61C17/20; application of ultrasonic vibrations to chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general B01J19/10
• CPC Class Codes: F28G 7/00 Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 134/902 Semiconductor wafer

Abstract

Biofouling is removed from the external surfaces of spaced apart pipes of a heat exchanger which are in contact with a liquid by positioning a plurality of ultrasonic transducers between the pipes and operating the transducers at sufficient power levels to cause cavitation within the liquid to effect the desired cleaning action. The transducers are arranged in a planar configuration to produce bi-directional acoustic radiation. Various types of instrumentation are provided for determining extent of biofouling and effectiveness of cleaning as well as for monitoring transducer operating parameters.

Claims

1. An apparatus for effecting useful heat exchange in a liquid environment and a device for cleaning said apparatus in said liquid environment without removal therefrom comprising in combination:

heat exchange means comprising a plurality of substantially parallel spaced apart banks of pipes each having external surfaces exposed to said liquid environment wherein said surfaces are subject to having substances accumulate thereon as a result of said liquid being in contact therewith, said substances affecting adversely the transfer of heat through said surfaces;

ultrasonic cleaning means for producing ultrasonic energy in sufficient quantities to produce cavitation of said liquid to dislodge said substances, said ultrasonic cleaning means comprising a plurality of transducers arranged in a portable array and powered by suitable power supply means; and

means for positioning said ultrasonic cleaning means adjacent to said surfaces between said banks of pipes without removal of said surfaces from said liquid environment.

2. A combination in accordance with claim 1, further comprising means for sensing biofouling on said heat exchange apparatus.

3. A combination in accordance with claim 1, wherein said positioning means comprises means for moving and indexing said ultrasonic cleaning means relative to said heat exchange means.

4. A combination in accordance with claim 1, further comprising means for determining when said substances have been removed from said heat exchange means.

5. A combination in accordance with claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic cleaning means operates in substantially the range of 18 Khz to 80 Khz.

6. A combination in accordance with claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic cleaning means effects cavitation-type cleaning of said heat exchange means.

7. A combination in accordance with claim 6, wherein said cavitation-type cleaning, at one atmosphere of pressure, is accomplished at power levels between 0.5 to 2 watts/cm².

8. A combination in accordance with claim 1, further comprising means for removing said substances from the proximity of said heat exchange means.

9. A combination in accordance with claim 8, wherein said removing means comprises means for providing a flow of said liquid over said surfaces of said heat exchange means for flushing said substances therefrom.

10. A combination in accordance with claim 1, further comprising means for monitoring the acoustical intensity radiated by said ultrasonic cleaning means.

11. A combination in accordance with claim 1, further comprising means for monitoring the temperature of said ultrasonic cleaning means.

12. A combination in accordance with claim 1, wherein said array is substantially planar and is dimensioned so as to permit its passage between said spaced apart substantially parallel banks of pipe.

13. A combination in accordance with claim 12, wherein said transducers are disposed substantially in line and are disposed to produce bi-directional acoustic radiation from said portable substantially planar array to accomplish simultaneous cleaning of adjacent pipe banks when said cleaning means is disposed therebetween.

14. A combination in accordance with claim 12, wherein said liquid is seawater and said substance is biofouling.

15. An ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for immersion in a liquid environment in which an object to be cleaned resides comprising:

a housing forming a chamber therein;

a plate fixedly secured within said housing, said plate having a plurality of apertures disposed therethrough;

a plurality of ultrasonic transducers disposed within said apertures;

means for mounting said transducers within said apertures;

means for covering selected ends of said apertures, said covering means for reflecting acoustic radiation from said tranducers; and

fluid means for filling said chamber of said housing, said fluid means for propagating acoustical waves from said transducers through said housing.

16. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said apertures are arranged in said plate in a plurality of rows and columns.

17. An apparatus in accordance with claim 16, wherein alternate said apertures in said rows and columns are covered by said covering means on opposite sides of said plate so as to permit bi-directional radiation from said apparatus.

18. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said covering means comprises a solid plate.

19. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said mounting means comprises a plurality of support posts, one end of each post fixedly secured to an associated said transducer, said posts arranged radially about each of said transducers, the other ends of said posts fixedly secured to said plate adjacent to the perimeter of one of said apertures which is associated with one of said transducers.

20. An apparatus in accordance with claim 19, wherein said support posts are constructed of a vibration-dampening material.

21. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said fluid means comprises a viscous liquid.

22. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, further comprising means for positioning said plate proximate to said object to be cleaned.

23. An apparatus in accordance with claim 22, wherein said positioning means comprises means for moving and indexing said housing relative to said object.

24. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, further comprising means for monitoring the acoustical intensity of said ultrasonic transducer as radiated from said housing.

25. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, further comprising means for measuring the temperature within said housing.

26. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said transducers are operable at sufficient power levels to cause cavitation in said liquid environment and therefore cavitation-type cleaning of said object to be cleaned.

27. An apparatus in accordance with claim 26, wherein said cavitation-type cleaning, at one atmosphere of pressure, is accomplished at power level between 0.5 to 2 watts/cm².

28. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said transducers operate substantially within the frequency range of 18 Khz to 80 Khz.

29. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said transducers are of the piezo-electric ceramic type.

30. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said apertures and therefore said transducers are spaced apart a distance substantially equal to one half wavelength multiples of the operating frequency of said transducers.

31. An apparatus in accordance with claim 15, wherein said housing is constructed of a semi-resilient material.

32. A method for cleaning heat exchanger apparatuses functionally incorporating a plurality of spaced apart pipes having the external surfaces thereof in contact with a liquid which causes buildup of substances on said surfaces and reduces the heat transfer through said surfaces comprising the steps of:

positioning ultrasonic transducer means dimensioned for insertion between said spaced apart pipes within said liquid between said spaced apart pipes proximate to a surface of said pipes to be cleaned so that the energy radiated from said transducer is directed toward said surface;

applying power to said ultrasonic transducer means; and

moving said ultrasonic transducer means relative to said surface of said heat exchanger at a rate permitting the cleaning thereof.

33. A method in accordance with claim 32, further comprising the steps of:

defining the surface to be cleaned in contact with said liquid prior to said positioning step;

monitoring the cleaning action of said at least one ultrasonic transducer subsequent to said applying of power step; and

controlling said rate responsive to the information obtained by said monitoring step.

34. A method in accordance with claim 33, wherein said surface is defined and monitored by measuring the thermal transfer therethrough.

35. A method in accordance with claim 32, wherein said ultrasonic transducer is operated at power level sufficient to cause cavitation within said liquid and therefore cavitation-type cleaning of said surface.

36. A method in accordance with claim 32, further comprising the step of monitoring the power output of said at least one transducer.

37. A method in accordance with claim 32, wherein said plurality of spaced apart pipes are arranged in substantially parallel banks, said ultrasonic transducer means being dimensioned for insertion between said spaced apart banks.

38. A method in accordance with claim 37, wherein said ultrasonic transducer means comprises a substantially planar array of transducers arranged to radiate the bi-directionally from said array for simultaneous cleaning of said surfaces of adjacent banks of said spaced apart pipes.