Spread spectrum detector

• US 4,247,939 A
• Filed: 11/09/1978
• Issued: 01/27/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 11/09/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sanders Associates, INC. (BAE Systems Plc)
• Original Assignee: Sanders Associates, INC. (BAE Systems Plc)
• Inventors: Stromswold, Chester E., Apostolos, John T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Birmiel, Howard A.
• Application Number:
  US05/959,397
• Time in Patent Office: 810 Days
• Field of Search: 325/323, 325/332, 325/333, 325/334, 325/349, 325/371, 325/435, 325/436, 325/363, 325/473, 325/474, 325/477, 325/482, 324/77 C, 324/77 D, 328/144, 375/1, 375/96, 375/102, 375/103, 455/26, 455/28, 455/131, 455/303, 455/306, 455/307, 455/308
• US Class Current: 375/350
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7087 Carrier synchronisation aspects
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/71 the interference being narrowband interference

Abstract

A spread spectrum detector utilizes compressive receiver techniques and squaring of the incoming signal to detect the presence of a spread spectrum signal and to obtain its center frequency, with the squaring cancelling the pseudo-random code. Once having determined the center frequency, the gated output of the compressive receiver'"'"'s dispersive delay line may be directly demodulated without resort to code correlation, by applying the output of the dispersive delay line to a narrowband filter set to the detected center frequency. Narrowband interfering signals are rejected by a continuous comb filter, hard limiters for the filter outputs and a summing device. The same narrowband signal rejection can be accomplished by hard limiting the output of the compressive receiver delay line and then returning to the time domain with an additional dispersive delay line having a dispersive characteristic inverse to that of the compressive receiver delay line. Pseudo-random quadrature phase shifts may be cancelled out by raising the incoming signal to the fourth power.

Claims

1. Apparatus for detecting spread spectrum signals comprising:

an antenna;

a swept local oscillator;

means for heterodyning the output of said local oscillator with a signal at said antenna;

means for squaring the output signal from said heterodyning means;

a dispersive filter having a rate twice that of said local oscillator, said filter being coupled to the output of said squaring means, and means for gating the output from said filter in timed relationship to the sweep of said local oscillator, whereby the presence and center frequency of a direct sequence spread spectrum signal may be ascertained.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 and further including a tuneable narrowband filter coupled to the output of said squaring means, and means for tuning said narrowband filter responsive to the detected center frequency of said spread spectrum signal, whereby said spread spectrum signal may be demodulated.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 and further including a narrowband filter coupled to the output of said gating means and set to the center frequency of said dispersive filter thereby to permit demodulation of said spread spectrum signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 and further including means coupled to said heterodyning means for dividing up into contiguous subbands the frequency band determined by the sweep of said local oscillator;

means for hard limiting the signals in each of the subbands; and

means for summing the hard limited signals in said subbands so that the effect of narrow band high power signals on the detection of spread spectrum signals are minimized.

5. Apparatus for ascertaining the presence and center frequency of a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising:

an antenna, a swept local oscillator, means for heterodyning the output of said local oscillator with a signal at said antenna, means for squaring the output signal from said heterodyning means, dispersive filter means having a rate twice that of said swept local oscillator, said filter being coupled to the output of said squaring means, and means for gating the output signal from said filter means in timed relationship to the sweep of said local oscillator.

6. The apparatus claimed in claim 5 further including an apparatus for demodulating a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising:

a narrowband filter coupled to the output of said squaring means and set to the center frequency of said spread spectrum signal; and

means for detecting the modulation on the output signal from said narrowband filter.

7. The apparatus claimed in claim 5 further including an apparatus for minimizing the effect of narrowband high-power signals on the detection of spread spectrum signals comprising:

means for dividing up into contiguous subbands a frequency band covering that in which said spread spectrum signal is expected to exist;

means for hard limiting the signals in each of said subbands; and

means for summing the hard limited signals in said subbands.

8. The apparatus in claim 7 wherein said dividing means includes a dispersive delay line having a rate of S Hz/sec. coupled to the output of said heterodyning means, said dispersive delay line being coupled to the output of said hard limiting means, and wherein said summing means includes a second dispersive delay line coupled to the output of said hard limiting means and having a rate of -S Hz/second.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said frequency band dividing means includes a contiguous comb filter.

10. A method of minimizing the effect of narrowband high-power signals on the detection of spread spectrum signals comprising:

receiving a band of signals having varying frequencies;

sweeping said frequency band;

heterodyning said swept signal with said received signal;

squaring said heterodyned signal;

filtering said squared signal at a rate which is double the rate in which said band is swept;

gating said filtered signal;

dividing the frequency of said gated signal into contiguous subbands;

hard limiting the signals in each of the subbands; and

summing the hard limited signals in the subbands.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the dividing step includes heterodyning an incoming signal with a frequency swept signal and delaying the heterodyned signal in a dispersive manner such that the delay is a function of frequency.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the hard limiting step includes the step of hard limiting the delayed heterodyned signals.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the summing step includes delaying the hard limited signals in a dispersive manner such that the delay is a function of frequency and the rate is inverse to that of the first delaying step.

14. Apparatus for ascertaining the presence and center frequency of a direct sequence spread spectrum signal comprising:

an antenna, a swept local oscillator, means for heterodyning the output of said local oscillator with a signal at said antenna, means for raising the output signal from said heterodyning means to the fourth power;

dispersive filter means having a rate four times that of said swept local oscillator, said filter being coupled to the output of said fourth power means, and means for gating the output signal from said filter means in timed relationship to the sweep of said local oscillator.