Method and apparatus for controlling comfort conditions including setback

• US 4,266,599 A
• Filed: 11/17/1978
• Issued: 05/12/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 11/17/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: American Standard Companies Incorporated (Ideal Standard International Topco SCA)
• Original Assignee: Trane Company (Trane Technologies plc)
• Inventors: Krocker, Robert E., Saunders, James F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Davis, Albert W.
• Assistant Examiner(s): FOCARINO, MARGARET ANN
• Application Number:
  US05/961,815
• Time in Patent Office: 907 Days
• Field of Search: 165/2, 165/12, 165/29, 165/16, 62/157, 236/46 R, 236/91
• US Class Current: 165/239
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/46 Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/65 for selecting an operating mode
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 13/00 Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle defrosting cycles F25B47/02
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2313/023 using multiple indoor units
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/06 Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/1917 using digital means
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/24 the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor

Abstract

Method and apparatus are disclosed for controlling and selectively setting back the comfort condition, such as temperature, within a conditioned zone utilizing a system which includes both preferred and back-up conditioning means, the former exhibiting more favorable energy consumption characteristics than the latter. The system is operable in both a normal mode, and in an economy mode during which the comfort condition is permitted to degrade toward an economy level during a setback period of predetermined duration. Selective operation of the preferred and back-up conditioning means is effected in order to minimize energy consumption during both modes and especially during the time that the comfort condition is restored to the normal level from the economy level. In a preferred embodiment, the preferred conditioning means comprise an electrically operated heat pump of the vapor compression type and the back-up conditioning means comprise electrical resistance-type heating means. A second aspect of the present invention involves the provision of a system which includes a refrigeration system for cooling a conditioned zone in conjunction with economizer means for supplying cool ambient air to the conditioned zone during those times when it is available and wherein operation thereof is effected in both normal and economy cooling modes so as to minimize the overall energy consumption of the system.

Claims

1. A method of operating a system for controlling the comfort condition within a conditioned zone, said system including selectively operable preferred and back-up conditioning means, each having a conditioning capacity associated therewith, for varying the comfort condition within said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means exhibiting more favorable energy consumption characteristics than said back-up conditioning means;

said method comprising the steps of

a. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at a normal level during operation in a normal mode;

b. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said normal level during operation in said normal mode;

c. permitting the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to degrade toward an economy level during a setback period of predetermined duration for operation in an economy mode;

d. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

e. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode; and

f. determining at the start of said setback period and during its term whether the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level and initiating operation of said preferred conditioning means alone at a point in time during said setback period when its capacity is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein step (1f) occurs before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level, if necessary.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

a. effecting substantially continuous operation of said preferred conditioning means during said economy mode when its capacity is inadequate to so-restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level;

and

b. initiating operation of said back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate at a point in time during said setback period in order to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

4. The method of claim 3 further comprising the step of monitoring the comfort condition within said conditioned zone following step (1f) and, should the capacity of the preferred conditioning means alone become inadequate to restore the comfort condition to said normal level, proceeding to steps (3a) and (3b).

5. The method of claim 3 wherein step (3b) occurs before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level if necessary.

6. The method of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone.

7. The method of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wherein said system is adapted to heat said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means comprising an electrically operated heat pump of the vapor compression type and said back-up conditioning means comprising electrical resistance-type heating means.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone;

said normal level temperature being greater than said economy level temperature.

9. A method of operating a system for controlling the comfort condition within a conditioned zone, said system including selectively operable preferred and back-up conditioning means, each having a conditioning capacity associated therewith, for varying the comfort condition within said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means exhibiting more favorable energy consumption characteristics than said back-up conditioning means;

said method comprising the steps of

a. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at a normal level during operation in a normal mode;

b. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said normal level during operation in said normal mode;

c. permitting the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to degrade toward an economy level during a setback period of predetermined duration for operation in an economy mode;

d. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

e. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

f. determining at the start of said setback period and during its term whether the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level and effecting substantially continuous operation of said preferred conditioning means during said economy mode when its capacity is inadequate to so-restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level; and

g. initiating operation of said back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate at a point in time during said setback period in order to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein step (9g) occurs before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level if necessary.

11. The method of claims 9 or 10 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone.

12. The method of claims 9 or 10 wherein said system is adapted to heat said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means comprising an electrically operated heat pump of the vapor compression type and said back-up conditioning means comprising electrical resistance-type heating means.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone;

said normal level temperature being greater than said economy level temperature.

14. A system for controlling the comfort condition within a conditioned zone, said system including selectively operable preferred and back-up conditioning means, each having a conditioning capacity associated therewith, for varying the comfort condition within said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means exhibiting more favorable energy consumption characteristics than said back-up conditioning means;

said system further including control means for

a. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at a normal level during operation in a normal mode;

b. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said normal level during operation in said normal mode;

c. permitting the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to degrade toward an economy level during a setback period of predetermined duration for operation in an economy mode;

d. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

e. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode; and

f. determining at the start of said setback period and during its term whether the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level and initiating operation of said preferred conditioning means alone at a point in time during said setback period when its capacity is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein said control means are operative to execute step (1f) before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level, if necessary.

16. The system of claim 14 wherein said control means are further operative for

a. effecting substantially continuous operation of said preferred conditioning means during said economy mode when its capacity is inadequate to so-restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level;

and

b. initiating operation of said back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate at a point in time during said setback period in order to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein said control means are further operative to monitor the comfort condition within said conditioned zone following execution of step (14f) and, should the capacity of the preferred conditioning means become inadequate to restore the comfort condition to said normal level, executing steps (16a) and (16b).

18. The method of claim 16 wherein said control means are operative to execute step (16b) before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level, if necessary.

19. The system of claims 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone.

20. The method of claims 14, 15, 16, 17, or 18 wherein said system is adapted to heat said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means comprising an electrically operated heat pump of the vapor compression type and said back-up conditioning means comprising electrical resistance-type heating means.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone;

said normal level temperature being greater than said economy level temperature.

22. A system for controlling the comfort condition within a conditioned zone, said system including selectively operable preferred and back-up conditioning means, each having a conditioning capacity associated therewith, for varying the comfort condition within said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means exhibiting more favorable energy consumption characteristics than said back-up conditioning means;

said system further including control means for

a. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at a normal level during operation in a normal mode;

b. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said normal level during operation in said normal mode;

c. permitting the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to degrade toward an economy level during a setback period of predetermined duration for operation in an economy mode;

d. effecting operation of said preferred conditioning means alone when its capacity is adequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

e. effecting operation of both said preferred and back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means is inadequate in order to maintain the comfort condition within said conditioned zone at said economy level during operation in said economy mode;

f. determining at the start of said setback period and during its term whether the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is adequate to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level and effecting substantially continuous operation of said, preferred conditioning means during said economy mode when its capacity is inadequate to so-restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level; and

g. initiating operation of said back-up conditioning means when the capacity of said preferred conditioning means alone is inadequate at a point in time during said setback period in order to restore the comfort condition within said conditioned zone to said normal level by the end of said setback period.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein said control means are operative to execute step (22g) before the comfort condition within said conditioned zone has fully degraded to said economy level, if necessary.

24. The system of claims 22 or 23 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone.

25. The system of claims 22 or 23 wherein said system is adapted to heat said conditioned zone, said preferred conditioning means comprising an electrically operated heat pump of the vapor compression type and said back-up conditioning means comprising electrical resistance-type heating means.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said comfort condition comprises the temperature within said conditioned zone;

said normal level temperature being greater than said economy level temperature.