Anti-kickback power tool control

• US 4,267,914 A
• Filed: 04/26/1979
• Issued: 05/19/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 04/26/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Black & Decker Incorporated (Stanley Black & Decker, Inc.)
• Inventors: Saar, David A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Herrmann, Allan D.
• Application Number:
  US06/033,661
• Time in Patent Office: 754 Days
• Field of Search: 192/0.032, 192/0.033, 192/0.034, 192/1, 192/2, 192/3 R, 192/12 R, 192/12 C, 192/12 D, 192/17 R, 192/17 A, 192/17 C, 192/18 R, 192/18 A, 192/18 B, 192/56 R , 192/150, 192/103 R, 192/103 C, 192/103 F, 192/144, 192/147, 173/12, 81/52.4 R, 81/52.4 A, 81/52.4 B, 91/41, 91/59, 91/42, 251/136, 318/275, 318/461, 318/463, 318/464, 188/137, 83/58, 83/62
• US Class Current: 192/147
• CPC Class Codes: B23Q 11/04 Arrangements preventing overload of tools, e.g. restricting load
• CPC Class Codes: B27B 17/083 Devices for arresting movement of the saw chain
• CPC Class Codes: F16P 3/00 Safety devices acting in conjunction with the control or operation of a machine; Control arrangements requiring the simultaneous use of two or more parts of the body F16P5/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01P 3/489 Digital circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H02H 7/0854 responsive to rate of change of current, couple or speed, e.g. anti-kickback protection H02H7/0851 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 25/145 whereby the speed is regulated by measuring the motor speed and comparing it with a given physical value, speed feedback
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 83/088 Responsive to tool detector or work-feed-means detector

Abstract

An impending kickback condition is the operation of a power tool or machine tool system is sensed and used to control or eliminate the kickback. The ability to sense an impending kickback condition can be used in all categories of power driven tools. The change in force applied to the power driven tool or other implement is monitored by measuring the rate of change of speed of the tool or implement, and if the speed is decreasing, the rate of change of speed is compared with a threshold value which may be either preset or variable. If this threshold value is exceeded, an output control signal is generated which inhibits the coupling of power to the tool or other implement and/or applies a brake to stop the tool or implement. In order for power to once again be coupled from the motive power source to the shaft, the start switch must be opened and then reclosed or some other signal provided by the operator or another predetermined condition must be met.

Claims

1. In a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the improvement of a system for detecting an impending kickback condition in the power tool comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) means connected to said monitoring means for determining the rate of change of the monitored speed; and

(c) means for producing a predetermined response when said rate of change attains a determinable value.

2. In a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the improvement of a system for detecting an impending kickback condition in the power tool comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) means connected to said monitoring means for determining the rate of change of the monitored speed;

(c) comparing means for comparing the rate of change of the monitored speed with a threshold to detect an impending kickback condition.

3. The improvement of a system for detecting an impending kickback condition in a power tool as recited in claim 2 wherein said monitoring means comprises means for measuring the speed of said implement.

4. The improvement of a system for detecting an impending kickback condition in a power tool as recited in claim 2 wherein said motive power source drives said implement through a transmission and said monitoring means comprises means for measuring the speed of said transmission.

5. The improvement of a system for detecting an impending kickback condition in a power tool as recited in claim 2 wherein said monitoring means comprises means for measuring the speed of said motive power source.

6. In a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system for said power tool comprising:

(a) monitoring means for generating a signal proportional to the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) determining means connected to receive the signal generated by said monitoring means for developing a signal proportional to the rate of change of the signal from said monitoring means;

(c) comparing means connected to receive the signals developed by said measuring means and a threshold signal for producing an output signal whenever the signal developed by said measuring means exceeds said threshold signal; and

(d) control means set by the output signal of said comparing means for inhibiting the supply of power to said implement.

7. The anti-kickback control system recited in claim 6 further comprising brake means responsive to said control means for stopping the motion of said implement.

8. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 6 further comprising switch means for enabling the supply of power to said tool or other implement from said motive power source.

9. The anti-kickback control system recited in claim 8 wherein said control means is reset by said switch means.

10. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and an electric motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said electric motor being adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) means connected to said monitoring means for measuring the rate of change of the speed of the rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing means for comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) means connected to said comprising means for controlling said switching device to block the connection of electrical power to said electric motor if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

11. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and a pneumatic motor couple to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said pneumatic motor being adapted to be connected to a source of compressed air through a valve, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) means connected to said monitoring means for measuring the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing means for comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) means connected to said comprising means for operating said valve to block the coupling of compressed air to said pneumatic motor if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

12. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and an internal combustion engine coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said internal combustion engine being coupled to said rotary shaft by means of a clutch, the improvment of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) means connected to said monitoring means for measuring the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing means for comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) means connected to said comparing means for operating said clutch to disengage the coupling of power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

13. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 12 wherein said rotary shaft is provided with a brake, said means for operating further actuating said brake simultaneously with the operation of said clutch if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

14. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and a motive power source coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, the improbement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) a switch which, when closed, generates a reset signal for enabling the supply of power to said rotary shaft from said motive power source;

(b) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) means connected to said monitoring means for generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing means for comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) means connected to said comparing means for generating a set signal to inhibit the supply of power to said rotary shaft whenever said output signal is developed.

15. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 14 wherein, after the supply of power to said rotary shaft has been inhibited, said switch can be opened and reclosed to develop a reset signal for again enabling the supply of power to said rotary shaft from said motive power source.

16. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and an electric motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said electric motor being adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) a switch, which when closed, generates a reset signal to said switching device to cause said switching device to connect electrical power to said electric motor;

(b) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) means connected to said monitoring means for generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing means for comparing said second signal with a threshold signal for developing an output signal whenever said signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) means connected to said comparing means for generating a set signal to said switching device to cause said switching device to block power to said electric motor in response to said output signal.

17. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 16 wherein, after said set signal has been generated, said switch can be opened and then reclosed to generate a reset signal to said switching device to again connect electrical power to said electric motor.

18. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and a pneumatic motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said pneumatic motor being adapted to be connected to a source of compressed air through a solenoid operated valve, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) a switch to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated valve to cause said valve to couple compressed air to said pneumatic motor;

(b) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) means connected to said monitoring means for generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing means for comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) means connected to said comparing means for generating a set signal to said solenoid operated valve to cause said valve to block compressed air to said pneumatic motor in response to said output signal.

19. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 18 after said set signal has been generated, said switch can be opened and then reclosed to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated valve to again couple compressed air to said pneumatic motor.

20. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and an internal combustion engine coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said internal combustion engine being coupled to said rotary shaft by means of a solenoid operated clutch, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system comprising:

(a) a switch which, when closed, generates a reset signal to said solenoid operated clutch to cause said clutch to couple power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft;

(b) monitoring means for monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) means connected to said monitoring for generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing means for comprising said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) means connected to said comparing means for generating a set signal to said solenoid operated clutch to cause said clutch to disengage the coupling of power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft in response to said output signal.

21. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 20 wherein said rotary shaft is provided with a solenoid operated brake responsive to said set signal, said solenoid operated brake operating simultaneously with said solenoid operated clutch to stop the rotary motion of said rotary shaft.

22. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 20 wherein, after said set signal has been generated, said switch can be opened and then reclosed to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated clutch to again couple power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft.

23. In a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system for said power tool comprising:

(a) monitoring means for monitoring a signal proportional to the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) a microprocessor connected to receive the signal from said monitoring means, said microprocessor being programmed to compute the rate of change of the signal from said monitoring means, compare the computed rate of change with a threshold value, and produce an inhibit output signal whenever the computed rate of change exceeds said threshold value; and

(c) control means responsive to said inhibit output signal for inhibiting the supply of power to said implement.

24. The anti-kickback control system as recited in claim 23 wherein said motive power source is an electric motor adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, and said control means controls said switching device in response to said inhibit output signal to block the connection of electrical power to said electric motor.

25. In a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and an electric motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said electric motor being adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, the improvement of an anti-kickback control system for said power tool comprising:

(a) a pulse generator for generating pulses having a frequency proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) a microprocessor connected to receive the pulses from said pulse generator, said microprocessor being programmed to compute the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft as a function of elapsed time between pulses from said pulse generator, compute the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft as a function of the difference between elapsed time intervals between successive pulse intervals, compare the computed rate of change with a threshold value, and produce an inhibit output signal whenever the computed rate of change exceeds said threshold value; and

(c) control means responsive to said inhibit output signal for controlling said switching device to block the connection of electrical power to said electric motor.

26. A method of detecting an impending kickback condition in a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) determining the rate of change of the monitoring speed; and

(c) producing a predetermined response when said rate of change attains a determinable value.

27. A method of detecting an impending kickback condition in a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) determining the rate of change of the monitored speed;

(c) comparing the rate of change of the monitored speed to a determinable threshold; and

(d) producing a predetermined response when said rate of change bears a predetermined relationship to said threshold.

28. The method of detecting an impending kickback condition as recited in claim 27 wherein the step of monitoring is performed by measuring the speed of said implement.

29. The method of detecting an impending kickback condition as recited in claim 27 wherein said implement is driven by said motive power source through a transmission and the step of monitoring is performed by measuring the speed of said transmission.

30. The method of detecting an impending kickback condition as recited in claim 27 wherein the step of monitoring is performed by measuring the speed of said motive power source.

31. The method of detecting an impending kickback condition as recited in claim 27 further comprising the step of setting said threshold.

32. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having an implement driven by a motive power source, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of a predetermined part of the power tool;

(b) determining the rate of change of the monitoring speed;

(c) comparing the rate of change of the monitored speed with a threshold; and

(d) inhibiting the supply of power to said tool if the rate of change of the monitored speed exceeds said threshold.

33. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 32 further comprising the step of applying a brake to stop the motion of said implement if the measured rate of change of the monitored speed exceeds said threshold.

34. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and an electric motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said electric motor being adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) measuring the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) controlling said switching device to block the connection of electrical power to said electric motor if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

35. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and a pneumatic motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said pneumatic motor being adapted to be connected to a source of compressed air through a valve, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) measuring the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) operating said valve to block the coupling of compressed air to said pneumatic motor if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

36. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and an internal combustion engine coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said internal combustion engine being coupled to said rotary shaft by means of a clutch, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(b) measuring the rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) comparing the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft with a threshold; and

(d) operating said clutch to disengage the coupling of power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

37. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 36 wherein said rotary shaft is provided with a brake, said method further comprising the step of actuating said brake simultaneously with the operation of said clutch if the measured rate of change of the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft exceeds said threshold.

38. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to drive an implement and a motive power source coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) closing a switch to generate a reset signal for enabling the coupling of power to said rotary shaft from said motive power source;

(b) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) generating a set signal to inhibit the coupling of power to said rotary shaft from said motive power source whenever said output signal is developed.

39. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 38 further comprising the step of opening and closing said switch after coupling of power to said rotary shaft has been inhibited to develop a reset signal for again enabling the coupling of power to said rotary shaft from said motive power source.

40. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and an electric motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said electric motor being adapted to be connected to a source of electrical power through a switching device, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) closing a switch to generate a reset signal to said switching device to cause said switching device to connect electrical power to said electric motor;

(b) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) generating a set signal to said switching device to cause said switching device to block power to said electric motor in response to said output signal.

41. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 40 further comprising the step of opening and closing said switch after said set signal has been generated to generate a reset signal to said switching device to again connect electrical power to said electric motor.

42. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and a pneumatic motor coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said pneumatic motor being adapted to be connected to a source of compressed air through a solenoid operated valve, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) closing a switch to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated valve to cause said valve to couple compressed air to said pneumatic motor;

(b) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) generating a set signal to said solenoid operated valve to cause said valve to block compressed air to said pneumatic motor in response to said output signal.

43. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 42 further comprising the step of opening and closing said switch after said set signal has been generated to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated valve to again couple compressed air to said pneumatic motor.

44. A method of eliminating kickback in a power tool of the type having a rotary shaft connected to an implement and an internal combustion engine coupled to said rotary shaft to impart a rotary motion thereto, said internal combustion engine being coupled to said rotary shaft by means of a solenoid operated clutch, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) closing a switch to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated clutch to cause said clutch to couple power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft;

(b) monitoring the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft to develop a first signal proportional to the speed of rotation of said rotary shaft;

(c) generating a second signal proportional to the rate of change of said first signal;

(d) comparing said second signal with a threshold signal and developing an output signal whenever said second signal exceeds said threshold signal; and

(e) generating a set signal to said solenoid operated clutch to cause said clutch to disengage the coupling of power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft in response to said output signal.

45. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 44 wherein said rotary shaft is provided with a solenoid operated brake and further comprising the step of simultaneously applying said set signal to said brake to stop the rotary motion of said rotary shaft.

46. The method of eliminating kickback in a power tool as recited in claim 44 comprising the step of opening and closing said switch after said set signal has been generated to generate a reset signal to said solenoid operated clutch to again couple power from said internal combustion engine to said rotary shaft.