Electrochemical cell

• US 4,269,907 A
• Filed: 05/05/1980
• Issued: 05/26/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 05/05/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Space Operations Company (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Littauer, Ernest L., Momyer, William R.
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US06/146,498
• Time in Patent Office: 386 Days
• Field of Search: 429/66-70, 429/72, 429/81, 429/149, 429/210
• US Class Current: 429/67
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/32 activated through external addition of electrolyte or of electrolyte components
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 6/48 with bipolar electrodes

Abstract

An electrochemical cell is shown wherein anode 1 of a reactive metal having an insulating film 2 thereon is separated from cathode 6 by a non-conductive flow screen 4. A porous, expandable element 5 is positioned between screen 4 and cathode 6 to maintain essentially uniform dimensions of the electrolyte flow channel defined by screen 4 as the anode is consumed during cell operation. Preferably, when a multiplicity of cells are electrically connected together, a plurality of separator elements 8 between the respective anodes and cathodes are utilized to ensure that each cell in the multi-cell configuration is subject to essentially identical compression forces in assembly and during discharge.

Claims

1. In a reactive metal anode-aqueous electrolyte electrochemical cell, an alkali metal anode having an electrically insulating film on its surface and a solid cathode spaced from said anode, said cell characterized by a non-conductive flow screen defining an electrolyte flow channel between said anode and cathode and being positioned against said anode insulating film and a porous, expandable element, said element being positioned between and contacting said flow screen and said cathode, thereby maintaining contact between said film and screen as the anode is consumed during operation.

2. An electrochemical cell in accordance with claim 1 wherein a plurality of non-conductive separators are utilized between said anode and said cathode, said separators being embedded in said anode and projecting through said flow screen and porous element to contact said cathode.

3. An electrochemical cell in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is lithium.

4. An electrochemical cell in accordance with claim 1 wherein said alkali metal is sodium.

5. An electrochemical cell in accordance with claim 2 connected in a bipolar configuration to at least one other cell in accordance with claim 2.

6. In a reactive metal anode-aqueous electrolyte electrochemical cell stack, a plurality of bipolar cells connected in series, each bipolar cell consisting of an alkali metal anode having an electrically insulating film on its surface and a solid cathode spaced from said anode, said cell characterized by a non-conductive flow screen defining an electrolyte flow channel between said anode and cathode and being positioned against said anode insulating film and a porous, expandable element, said element being positioned between and contacting said flow screen and said cathode thereby maintaining contact between said film and screen as the anode is consumed during operation and a plurality of non-conductive separators between said anode and cathode, said separators being embedded in said anode and projecting through said flow screen and porous element to contact said cathode thereby ensuring that each cell in the cell stack is subject to essentially identical compression forces in assembly and during discharge.

7. An electrochemical cell stack in accordance with claim 6 wherein said alkali metal is lithium.

8. An electrochemical cell stack in accordance with claim 6 wherein said alkali metal is sodium.