Method and apparatus for rotating the scan format of digital images

• US 4,271,476 A
• Filed: 07/17/1979
• Issued: 06/02/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Lotspiech, Jeffrey B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith, Jerry
• Application Number:
  US06/058,321
• Time in Patent Office: 686 Days
• Field of Search: 364/515, 358/87, 358/104, 358/140, 340/146.3 D, 340/146.3 AH, 340/727
• US Class Current: 382/235
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 3/606 by memory addressing or mapping

Abstract

In a printer system non-coded digital images having a horizontal scan format are rotated into a vertical scan format for printing or other processing thereof. Rotation is accomplished by logically dividing the digital image into a plurality of sections, then rotating the scan direction of each section in sequence, then combining the rotated sections into the completed image. Each image to be rotated and which is in compressed form is temporarily stored in a file from which it is taken for decompression. The decompressed image is transferred for temporary storage in a memory, one section at a time, with the lines of multi-bit words comprising each section being sequentially entered in the memory in the horizontal scan format. Rotation of the section to a vertical scan format is accomplished by addressing the memory in such a manner that the multi-bit words of the section are sequentially transferred out of the memory in columns rather than rows. Sections transferred out of the memory are compressed and stored in the file where the adjacent boundaries thereof are electronically knitted together as may be required by the particular compression technique used.

Claims

1. A machine implementable method of changing the direction of scan of a digital image comprising the steps of:

storing a digital image having a first scan direction;

logically dividing the digital image into a plurality of sections;

removing the sections from the digital image, one at a time;

changing the scan direction of each section upon removal from the digital image, the scan direction being changed from the first scan direction to a different second scan direction; and

combining the sections into the digital image having the second scan direction.

2. The invention set forth in claim 1, wherein the second scan direction is 90°

removed from the first scan direction.

3. The invention set forth in claim 1, wherein each section is comprised of a sequence of horizontal scan lines with each line being comprised of a sequence of different bit words and the step of changing the scan direction of each of the sections comprises the steps of storing each section and then retrieving the section by sequentially retrieving the first word of each horizontal scan line, then the second word of each horizontal scan line, and so on until all words of the section have been retrieved.

4. The invention set forth in claim 1, wherein the stored digital image is in compressed form, and comprising the further steps of decompressing each section before changing the scan direction thereof and thereafter compressing the section before combining the sections into the digital image.

5. The invention set forth in claim 4, wherein the step of combining the sections into the digital image having the second scan direction includes the step of knitting the combined sections together along the boundaries thereof in accordance with the manner in which the sections are compressed.

6. A machine implementable method of rotating the scan format of a digital image by approximately 90°

comprising the steps of;

storing a compressed digital image having a given scan format;

logically dividing the image into a plurality of sections;

removing and decompressing each section of the image, one section at a time;

rotating each section upon removal and decompression, the section being rotated from the given scan format to a different scan format approximately 90°

removed from the given scan format;

compressing each rotated section;

assembling the rotated sections into the image having the different scan format; and

combining the edges of adjacent sections of the image as required by the form of compression of the image.

7. The invention set forth in claim 6, wherein the given scan format is a horizontal scan format and the different scan format is a vertical scan format.

8. The invention set forth in claim 6, wherein each decompressed section of the image comprises a sequence of scan lines and the step of removing and decompressing each section of the image includes the steps of decompressing at least a portion of the image and storing a predetermined portion of each of a predetermined sequence of the scan lines for subsequent rotation.

9. The invention set forth in claim 8, wherein each of the scan lines is comprised of a sequence of bits and the step of storing a predetermined portion of each of a predetermined sequence of the scan lines comprises storing bits between first and second bit positions in each line occurring between first and second scan line positions.

10. The invention set forth in claim 6, wherein the image is comprised of a sequence of horizontal scan lines with each line being comprised of a sequence of words and each word being comprised of a like number of bits, and the step of rotating each decompressed section comprises the steps of storing the section and thereafter sequentially retrieving the bits of the section as a sequence of bit columns extending from the left end to the right end of the section with the bits of each column being retrieved in sequence from the top to the bottom thereof.

11. A printer system for processing both coded and non-coded information comprising the combination of:

a printer capable of printing in a given scan direction;

means for storing coded information received by the printer system;

a character generator coupled between the means for storing coded information and the printer;

means for storing non-coded information received by the printer system, the means for storing non-coded information being coupled to the printer; and

means responsive to stored non-coded information having a scan direction different from the given scan direction for rotating the non-coded information into the given scan direction, the means for rotating including means for dividing the non-coded information into a plurality of sections, means for removing from the non-coded information and rotating each section into the given scan direction, one section at a time, and means for combining the sections after rotation of the sections into the given scan direction.

12. The invention set forth in claim 11, wherein the non-coded information is received by the printer system in compressed form, and the means for removing further includes means for decompressing the section prior to rotation thereof into the given scan direction and means for compressing each rotated section prior to combining the sections.

13. The invention set forth in claim 11, further including a communications line coupled to the means for storing non-coded information and a document scanner coupled to the means for storing non-coded information.

14. An arrangement for rotating the direction of scan of a digital image comprising the combination of:

first storage means for storing a digital image;

second storage means;

means for logically dividing the digital image into a plurality of sections;

means for sequentially transferring different sections of a digital image stored in the first storage means to the second storage means;

means for rotating the direction of scan of each section of a digital image stored in the second storage means by a predetermined amount; and

means for storing each section the direction of scan of which has been rotated by the predetermined amount in the first storage means, each section of the digital image which is transferred to the second storage means having the direction of scan thereof rotated and being stored in the first storage means before another section of the digital image is transferred to the second storage means.

15. The invention set forth in claim 14, further including means responsive to storage of sections the direction of scan of which has been rotated by the predetermined amount in the first storage means for joining the sections along the boundaries thereof.

16. The invention set forth in claim 14, wherein the means for sequentially transferring different sections of a digital image includes means for decompressing each section prior to transfer to the second storage means and the means for storing each section the direction of scan of which has been rotated includes means for compressing each section the direction of scan of which has been rotated prior to storage in the first storage means.

17. An arrangement for rotating the direction of scan of a digital image comprising the combination of:

a file for storing a digital image;

a decompression circuit coupled to the file and operative to decompress a digital image stored in the file;

a memory;

means for sequentially transferring different sections of a digital image decompressed by the decompression circuit for temporary storage in the memory, each section being transferred by sequentially transferring and storing data comprising the section in the memory in a given sequence;

a compression circuit;

means for transferring the data comprising each section temporarily stored in the memory in a sequence different from the given sequence to the compression circuit, the compression circuit being operative to compress the transferred section;

means for transferring each section compressed by the compression circuit for storage in the file; and

means for combining adjacent portions of sections stored in the file.

18. The invention set forth in claim 17, wherein a digital image as decompressed by the decompression circuit comprises successive lines of bits and the means for sequentially transferring different sections of a digital image decompressed by the decompression circuit includes a bit counter coupled to count bits of the image as decompressed by the decompression circuit, means for resetting the bit counter when the end of each line is reached, means for storing representations of bit positions within each line to be transferred to the memory, bit gating means coupled to the bit counter and responsive to the representations of bit positions within each line to be transferred for transferring the corresponding bit positions of each line of the decompressed image to the memory as they occur at the bit counter when line gating means is open, a line counter for counting the end of a line each time the bit counter is reset, means for storing representations of lines with the image to be transferred to the memory and line gating means coupled to the line counter and responsive to the representations of lines within the image to open and permit transfer of bits to the memory by the bit gating means.

19. The invention set forth in claim 17, wherein each section of the image as temporarily stored in the memory is comprised of columns and rows of multi-bit words and the means for transferring the data comprising each section temporarily stored in the memory in a sequence different from the given sequence to the compression circuit includes means for addressing the memory in the different sequence, the means for addressing including a first register for providing an address to the memory, an adder coupled to the first register, an offset register coupled to the adder and a base register coupled to the adder, the base register being operative to provide to the first register via the adder the base number defining a column of words to be addressed and the offset register being operative to provide to the adder a fixed number so that the first register sequentially addresses the words within the column of words to be addressed.

20. The invention set forth in claim 19, wherein each of the words of the image is comprised of a row of bits and the means for transferring the data comprising each section temporarily stored in the memory in a sequence different from the given sequence to the compression circuit includes means coupled between the memory and the compression circuit for selecting one of the row of bits comprising each word addressed by the means for addressing for transfer to the compression circuit.