Rotary tiller slot planter and method for using same

• US 4,278,036 A
• Filed: 11/02/1979
• Issued: 07/14/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 11/02/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Incorporated (Iowa State University)
• Original Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation Incorporated (Iowa State University)
• Inventors: Buchele, Wesley F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Feyrer, James R.
• Application Number:
  US06/090,516
• Time in Patent Office: 620 Days
• Field of Search: 111/1, 111/6-7, 111/9, 111/10, 111/34, 111/73, 111/52, 111/80, 111/85, 111/86, 111/87, 172/63, 172/65, 172/123, 172/149, 172/156, 172/177, 172/179, 172/187, 172/196
• US Class Current: 111/52
• CPC Class Codes: A01B 49/065 the soil-working tools being actively driven
• CPC Class Codes: A01C 7/006 Minimum till seeding
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 60/20 Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 111/924 Minimum and no till planter

Abstract

The rotary tiller slot planter of the present invention comprises a subsoiler shank positioned to engage the soil and make a trench therein. A pair of rotary tiller blades are rotatably mounted on the opposite sides of the sub-soil shank in planes parallel thereto. The centerlines of the rotary tiller wheels are located behind the subsoil shank. Each of the wheels have a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from the rotational axis thereof and terminating in outer radial ends which engage the soil slightly ahead of the subsoiler shank and adjacent the lateral edges of the trench. A seed tube shank is positioned behind the subsoiler shank and between the tiller wheels. The seed tube shank has a lower end positioned to extend below the soil surface. A seed tube is positioned behind the seed tube shank for depositing seed in the soil. The rotation of the blades on opposite sides of the subsoil shank causes the soil to be mechanically aggregated and aerated and helps prepare a seed bed for the seeds. Also, the rotating tiller blades chop the debris which may be along the trench and throw soil backwards so as to cover the planted seed. Shorter rotary blades on the tiller wheels are shaped to throw debris and the upper one-half inch of soil sideways away from the row.

Claims

1. A method for minimum tillage planting comprising

moving a minimum tillage planter in a first direction over the soil to be planted;

tilling the soil with a pair of spaced apart parallel tiller wheels rotatably mounted on said planter about a horizontal axis, each of said wheels having a plurality of radially extending blades terminating in outer radial ends which are turned inwardly toward the space between said wheels whereby said tiller wheels throw tilled soil inwardly toward said space;

forming a first trench of predetermined depth with a subsoil shank on said planter positioned between said wheels;

freeing said subsoil shank of debris by passing the outer radial ends of said rotating wheels closely adjacent the opposite sides of said subsoil shank and by engaging the soil forwardly of said subsoil shank;

depositing fertilizer in said first trench with a fertilizer tube on said planter having a discharge end positioned behind said subsoil shank;

covering said deposited fertilizer at least partially with soil being thrown into said first trench by said filler wheels as said planter moves in said first direction;

forming a second trench in the soil deposited in said first trench with a seed tube shank positioned on said planter between said tiller wheels and spaced rearwardly of said fertilizer tube;

depositing seed in said second trench with a seed tube located on said planter rearwardly of said seed tube shank and forwardly of the trailing edges of said tiller wheels whereby soil being thrown by said tiller wheels will fall over and cover said seed;

firming the soil thrown by said tiller wheels over said seed.

2. A method according to claim 1 comprising confining the soil being thrown by said tiller wheels with a boot which surrounds said tiller wheels and said subsoil shank, said fertilizer tube, said seed tube shank and said seed tube.

3. A method according to claim 1 comprising clearing debris on the soil surface away from said trench by means of debris clearing blades located on each of said tiller blades.

4. A method according to claim 3 comprising engaging the soil beneath said debris with said tiller blades, and rotating said tiller blades so as to cause said blades to carry the soil and chopped debris from in front of said shank to the rear of said rotary tiller.

5. A method according to claim 1 comprising mixing a herbicide with the flying soil aggregates being thrown by centrifugal force from said rotating tiller blades, confining the mixture of said soil aggregates and herbicide with a shield surrounding said tiller blades so as to cause said flying mixture to settle into said trench.

6. A rotary tiller slot planter comprising:

a subsoiler shank having a lower end positioned to engage the soil and make a first trench therein of first predetermined depth;

a fertilizer tube positioned rearwardly of said subsoiler shank and having a lower end for depositing fertilizer in the bottom of said first trench;

a seed tube shank positioned behind said subsoiler shank and having a lower end positioned to extend below said soil surface a second predetermined distance less than said first predetermined distance;

a seed tube positioned behind said seed tube shank for depositing seed in the soil behind said seed tube shank;

a pair of spaced apart tiller wheels rotatably mounted about a horizontal axis, each of said wheels being positioned on opposite sides of said subsoiler shank and said seed tube shank,

said tiller wheels each having a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from said horizontal axis and terminating in outer radial ends which engage the soil forwardly of said subsoiler shank and pass closely adjacent said subsoiler shank, said seed tube shank and said seed tube;

said outer radial ends of said blades turning inwardly toward said subsoiler shank and said seed tube shank whereby soil thrown by said tiller wheels will fall into said first trench in front of said seed tube shank and will also fall into said first trench behind said seed tube;

boot means surrounding said tiller wheels and said subsoiler shank, said fertilizer tube, said seed tube shank and said seed tube for confining the soil being thrown by said tiller wheels.

7. A rotary tiller slot planter according to claim 6 wherein said tiller wheels each rotate in a vertical plane which is substantially parallel to said first trench.

8. A planter according to claim 6 wherein said plurality of blades of said tiller wheels comprise a first group of blades extending radially outwardly to a first radial length and a second group of blades extending radially outwardly to a second radial length shorter than said first radial length.

9. A planter according to claim 8 wherein said outer radial ends of one of said first and second groups of blades are turned axially inwardly towards the longitudinal centerline of said trench and said outer radial ends of the other of said groups of blades are turned axially outwardly away from said longitudinal centerline of said trench.

10. A planter according to claim 9 wherein said group of inwardly turned blade ends in said first group of longer blades and said group of outwardly turned blade ends in said second shorter blades.

11. A planter according to claim 6 comprising an insecticide tube adjacent said seed tube for depositing insecticide adjacent said seed which has been deposited in the soil.

12. A planter according to claim 11 comprising a herbicide tube positioned rearwardly of said seed tube and said insecticide tube, said herbicide tube being adapted to deposite herbicide on the soil after said seed and insecticide have been deposited.

13. A planter according to claim 12 comprising a soil firming device positioned rearwardly of said herbicide tube for engaging and firming the soil after deposit of said fertilizer, seed, insecticide and herbicide.

14. A rotary tiller slot planter according to claim 12 wherein said blades of said tiller wheels pass closely adjacent said herbicide tube so as to cause soil to be thrown and mixed with said herbicide as said herbicide falls from said herbicide tube.

15. A rotary tiller slot planter according to claim 14 wherein said insecticide tube has a lower end spaced above the lower end of said seed tube and said herbicide tube has a lower end spaced above said lower end of said insecticide tube to facilitate mixing of said insecticide and herbicide with said soil being thrown by said tiller wheels.