Mobility cane for the blind incorporating ultrasonic obstacle sensing apparatus

• US 4,280,204 A
• Filed: 06/05/1979
• Issued: 07/21/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Polaroid Corporation (PLR IP Holdings LLC)
• Original Assignee: Polaroid Corporation (PLR IP Holdings LLC)
• Inventors: Elchinger, Gilbert M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Farley, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US06/045,783
• Time in Patent Office: 777 Days
• Field of Search: 367/116, 367/910, 367/2, 367/128, 135/65, 135/76, 135/DIG. 11, 343/5 BL
• US Class Current: 367/116
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 2003/063 with tactile perception
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 3/061 with electronic detecting or guiding means
• CPC Class Codes: A61H 3/068 Sticks for blind persons
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/18 wherein range gates are used
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 15/88 Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting G01V1/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 135/911 Cane for the blind
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 367/91 Portable sonar devices

Abstract

A conventional mobility cane for the blind incorporates a compact, dual-mode, ultrasonic obstacle detection sensor that includes a combination transmitting and receiving, capacitance type electrostatic transducer. The size of the protective zone associated with said sensor is infinitely variable. In one mode, the sensor warns of low lying objects that might contact the upper extremities of an ambulatory mobility cane user. In another mode, the user can determine the presence or absence of more remote objects. Means are provided for readily alternating between said object sensor modes.

Claims

1. A mobility cane for use by a visually impaired person, said mobility cane comprising:

an elongated member, having a longitudinal axis, that is capable of having its said longitudinal axis maintained at a fairly constant acute angle with respect to the ground by the extended hand of an ambulatory visually impaired person; and

ultrasonic obstacle detection apparatus mounted on said elongated member for warning said visually impaired person of elevated objects that might impede ambulatory movement, whenever such objects enter a predetermined spatial zone having a maximum and minimum spatial zone depth, said detection apparatus including,

an adjustably mounted transmitting and receiving, capacitance type, electrostatic transducer having a particular ultrasonic energy transmission and reception pattern wherein said predetermined zone is a function of said pattern, and

manually adjustable means for varying the depth of said predetermined zone to any one of a multiplicity of zone depths less than said maximum zone depth and greater than said minimum zone depth such that a portion of said spatial zone remains at a fixed distance from said transducer whenever said means is adjusted for the purpose of varying said spatial zone depth.

2. A mobility cane for use by a visually impaired person, comprising:

a handle portion;

an elongated shank portion projecting from said handle portion along a longitudinal axis, said cane intended to be extended from a cane user, during normal operations wherein said cane user is ambulating, so that its said longitudinal axis is inclined generally at a predetermined acute angle to the ground;

energizable means on said cane for sensing objects disposed at relatively short distances in front of said cane user and suspended at elevations below the height of said cane user, said energizable means including a transducer aligned to direct a beam of ultrasonic energy from said cane along a line of direction disposed at a predetermined angle to said longitudinal axis and lying in substantially the same vertical plane with said longitudinal axis when said cane is being employed in its said normal operations;

manually actuatable means for changing the beam direction orientation of said transducer on said cane relative to its said longitudinal axis so that it will be operative to direct said beam of energy in a generally horizontal direction when said cane is held in a preselected orientation by said cane user; and

means responsive to the manual actuation of said transducer orientation changing means for substantially increasing the range sensitivity of said energizable means to facilitate the sensing of other objects more distant from said cane user than said first-mentioned objects.

3. The invention of claim 2 wherein said preselected orientation of said cane is substantially the same as the orientation of said cane during its said normal operations wherein said cane user is ambulating.

4. The invention of claim 2 wherein, at the time of said preselected orientation of said cane, said longitudinal axis of said cane is generally vertically disposed.

5. The invention of claim 2, wherein said relatively short distance is approximately equal to a distance that is three feet horizontally spaced from the extended cane-grasping hand of said cane user, and the range sensitivity of said energizable means for more distant objects is at least 24 feet from said object sensing means.

6. The invention of claim 2 wherein said energizable means additionally includes means for generating a radio signal responsive to sensing any such object and wherein said invention additionally includes means for receiving said radio signal adapted to be mounted adjacent an ear of said cane user to provide a correlated audible signal to said cane user.

7. The invention of claim 6, wherein said means for generating a radio signal includes a signal transmitting antenna disposed along an outer surface of said cane handle portion such that is readily comes in contact with the hand of a cane user when grasping said handle portion.

8. The invention of claim 2 wherein said energizable means additionally includes means for broadcasting a signal responsive to sensing any such object.

9. The invention of claim 2, wherein said energizable means includes transducer support means for pivotally mounting said transducer on said mobility cane, said support means being pivotable between a first fixed position where it facilitates the detection of elevated obstacles, a position where said support means engages and is maintained against an adjustable movement limiting stop by manually adjustable frictional forces, and a second fixed position where it facilitates the detection of relatively remote objects, said support means being maintained in said second fixed position by a pivotal-movement arresting detent.

10. A two-piece mobility cane for use by a visually impaired person, comprising:

a handle portion having a longitudinal axis;

an elongated shank portion mechanically coupled to and projecting from said handle portion along said longitudinal axis, said cane intended to be extended from a cane user, during normal operations wherein said cane user is ambulating, so that its said longitudial axis is inclined generally at a predetermined acute angle to the ground;

energizable means on said cane for sensing objects disposed at relatively short distances in front of said cane user and suspended at elevations below the height of said cane user, said energizable means including a transducer mounted on said handle portion aligned to direct a beam of sonar energy from said cane along a line of direction disposed at a predetermined angle to said longitudinal axis and lying in substantially the same vertical plane with said longitudinal axis when said cane is being employed in its said normal operations;

manually actuatable means for changing the beam direction orientation of said transducer on said cane relative to its said longitudinal axis so that it will be operative to direct said beam of energy in a direction generally parallel to said longitudinal axis after said shank portion has been uncoupled from said handle portion; and

means responsive to the manual actuation of said transducer orientation changing means for substantially increasing the range sensitivity of said energizable means to facilitate the sensing of other objects more distant from said cane user than said first-mentioned objects.

11. A mobility cane for use by a visually impaired person, comprising:

a handle portion;

an elongated shank portion projecting from said handle portion along a longitudinal axis, said cane intended to be extended from a cane user, during normal operations wherein said cane user is ambulating, so that its said longitudinal axis is inclined generally at a predetermined acute angle to the ground; and

energizable means on said cane for sensing objects disposed at relatively short distances in front of said cane user and suspended at elevations below the height of said cane user, said energizable means including a transducer aligned to direct a beam of ultrasonic energy from said cane along a line of direction disposed at a predetermined angle to said longitudinal axis and lying in substantially the same vertical plane with said longitudinal axis when said cane is being employed in its said normal operations, said energizable means additionally including,

means for broadcasting a radio signal responsive to sensing any such object,

a radio signal receiver adapted to be mounted adjacent an ear of the cane user for receiving said radio signal and providing an audible signal to said cane user, and

a signal transmitting antenna disposed along the outer surface of said cane handle portion such that it readily comes in contact with the hand of a cane user when said user grasps said cane handle portion in a conventional manner whereby said cane user'"'"'s body becomes an extension of said antenna to thereby enhance signal coupling between said radio signal generating means and said radio signal receiving means.