Method and apparatus for multiplex binary data communication

• US 4,281,409 A
• Filed: 06/25/1979
• Issued: 07/28/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 06/25/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Kenneth S. Schneider
• Original Assignee: Kenneth S. Schneider
• Inventors: Schneider, Kenneth S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas W.
• Application Number:
  US06/050,927
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: 370/18, 370/19, 370/20, 370/21, 370/22
• US Class Current: 370/201
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 11/00 Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codesH04J13/00 takes precedence

Abstract

In electromagnetic communication different data streams share a common communication medium by being multiplexed. Each individual data stream employs its own unique modulation waveform set. A receiver for a given data stream comprises correlators for the waveforms in the corresponding modulation waveform set. If the waveforms in all the different modulation waveform sets are not orthogonal, then the output of correlators at a given receiver will not only contain the desired information components of the data stream to which they are matched but also components from the other data streams. This is termed cross-talk. Processors are provided which are responsive to the outputs of all waveform correlators. They provide a means for detecting the original data stream information in the presence of cross-talk. When there is no noise in the communication transmission the processors cancel the cross-talk.

Claims

1. A data communication system for transmitting binary information wherein each information bit is represented by a signal of a first value or a signal of a second value, said system comprising:

a transmitter means, said transmitter means comprising at least first and second communicator means, each of said communicator means including means for emitting a series of information bits represented by said signals, at least first and second modulator means, said first and second modulator means generating first and second modulation signals sets, respectively, said modulation signal sets being linearly independent, said first communicator means being connected to said first modulator means whereby said first modulator means emits a first modulated signal, said second communicator means being connected to said second modulator means whereby said second modulator means emits a second modulated signal;

a common transmitter means for transferring said modulated signals from said transmission means to a point remote therefrom;

a receiver means comprising first and second correlator means having inputs for receiving the modulated signals received from said common transmission means, said first correlator means including means for correlating all received modulated signals with a signal uniquely related to said first modulation signal set and emitting first correlated signals, said second correlator means including means for correlating all received modulated signals with another signal uniquely related to said second modulation signal set and emitting second correlated signals, and processor means connected to said correlator means for interactively processing the first and second correlated signals and emitting first output signals having one of two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the first correlated signals emitted from said first correlator means and for emitting second output signals having one of said two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the second correlated signals emitted from said second correlator means.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said transmitter means comprises a source of serially occurring information bits, means for de-interleaving the stream of the serially occurring information bits into first and second branches for emission by said first and second communicator means, respectively.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein:

said first modulation signal set comprises as a first element of the set at least a portion of a first cosinusoidal waveform having a first frequency and as a second element of the set the inverse thereof; and

said second modulation signal set comprises as a first element of the set at least a second cosinusoidal waveform having a second frequency linearly independent of said first frequency and as a second element of the set the inverse thereof.

4. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least first storage means for storing a first representation of at least one element of said first modulation signal set received via said common transmission means, and second storage means for storing a second representation of at least one element of said second modulation signal set received via said common transmission means, said stored representations for use by said correlator means.

5. The system of claim 4 wherein:

said first correlator means comprises means for multiplying the received modulated signals by said first representation and integrating the product signal for a given period of time to produce a first correlated signal; and

said second correlator means comprises means for multiplying the received modulated signals by said second representation and integrating the product signal for said given period of time to produce a second correlated signal.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said processor means comprises first detector means connected to said first correlator means for emitting a signal having one of two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the signal emitted by said first correlator means and second detector means connected to said second correlator means for emitting a signal having one of said two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the signal emitted by said second correlator means.

7. The system of claim 1 or 4 wherein said processor means comprises first summing means for forming at least a first sum signal of given algebraically weighted amplitudes of the signals from all of said correlator means and second summing means for forming at least a second sum signal of given algebraically weighted amplitudes of the signals from all of said correlator means.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein said given algebraic weights are derived from the representations stored in said storage means.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein said processor means further comprises first detector means connected to said first summing means for emitting a signal having one of two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the signal emitted by said first summing means, and second detector means connected to said second summing means for emitting a signal having one of said two binary values in accordance with the polarity of the signal emitted by said second summing means.

10. A data communication system for transmitting binary information wherein each information bit is represented by a signal of a first value or a signal of a second value, said system comprising:

a transmitter means, said transmitter means comprising at least first and second communicator means, each of said communicator means including means for emitting a series of information bits, represented by said signals, at least first and second modulator means, said first and second modulator means generating first and second modulation signal sets, respectively, said modulation signals sets being linearly independent, said first communicator means being connected to said first modulator means whereby said first modulator means emits a first modulated signal, said second communicator means being connected to said second modulator means whereby said second modulator means emits a second modulated signal;

a common transmission means for transferring said modulated signals from said transmission means to a point remote therefrom;

a receiver means at said point, said receiver means comprising first and second correlator means having inputs for receiving the modulated signals received from said common transmission means, said first correlator means including means for correlating all received modulated signals with a signal uniquely related to said first modulation signal set and emitting first correlated signals, said second correlator means including means for correlating all received modulator signals with another signal uniquely related to said second modulation signal set and emitting second correlated signals, and processor means comprising means decoding convolutional codes connected to said correlator means for interactively processing the first and second correlated signals and emitting signals having one of two binary values in accordance with the signals received from said correlator means.

11. In a data communication system wherein a plurality of communicators at a transmitter emit bits of information to respective modulators, each operating with a modulation signal, which transmit bit-modulated signals to a plurality of users, each associated with a definite communicator at a receiver over a common transmission medium, the modulation signals being mutually linearly independent, the method of signal processing comprising the steps of first sequentially transmitting from said transmitter to said receiver a modulation signal from each modulator, at the receiver storing a representation of each received modulation signal, and utilizing each stored representation to detect bits for the respective users in a stream of modulated signals.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the modulation signal from each modulator is transmitted a plurality of times and a representation of an average waveform of each of said signals is stored.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein each modulation signal is an analog signal of given duration and the representation of each average waveform is obtained at the receiver by the steps of periodically sampling the analog signal a plurality of times during each given duration, converting the analog amplitude of the received modulation signal at a sampling time to a digital value representing the amplitude, averaging each such digital value over the plurality of times the modulation signal is received, and storing such digital values for sequential recall.

14. The method of claim 12 wherein said utilizing step comprises correlating all received modulated signals with each of said average waveforms to produce a set of correlated signals each associated with a definite user.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein said modulated signals are analog signals of said given durations and said utilizing step comprises the steps of periodically sampling said modulated signals a plurality of times during each given duration, converting the sampled analog amplitude of the modulated signal to a digital value, in synchronism therewith, multiplying said digital values by the corresponding stored digital values and summing the products of such multiplications to produce digital representation of correlated signals.

16. The method of transmitting binary data from a plurality of N communicators at a transmitter to a plurality of N users at a receiver simultaneously over a common channel comprising the steps of:

each communicator generating a signal once per period of time T and in the form X_i (k), where i represents the i^th bit in the stream occurring at a time (i-1)T, k represents a typical communicator and its associated user, X_i (k) having only either a first or a second binary value;

modulating a plurality of modulation signals in the form S_k (t) with the X_i (k) bits of the data streams to generate a plurality of modulated signals of the form

space="preserve" listing-type="equation">X.sub.i S.sub.k (t-(i-1)T),

where S_k (t) is the modulation signal for said typical communicator;

transmitting over the common channel a signal in the form w(t), where w(t) represents the instantaneous sum of all of said modulated signals;

generating a plurality of signals of the form S_k *(t), where S_k *(t) is a representation of the modulation signal S_k (t) after transmission over the common channel;

correlating for each period of time T the signal of the form w(t) with each of the representations of the modulation signals S_k *(t) to produce signals of the form ##EQU9## where Δ

is the time for signals to travel over the common channel; and

interactively processing each of said Y_i *(k) signals to produce signals of the form ##EQU10## V_kj is a numerical coefficient derived from correlations of the signals of the form S_k *(t).

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said signals of of the form S_k (t) are at least a portion of a cycle of a cosinusoidal waveform and said signals of the form X_i (k) have values of (+)A or (-)A, where A is a constant.

18. The method of claims 16 or 17 wherein the step of generating said signals in the form S_k (t) comprises storing a plurality of binary member representations, sequentially reading the stored representations, and sequentially converting the read representations to analog signals.

19. The method of claim 16 wherein the step of generating signals of the form S_k *(t) comprises transmitting the signals S_k (t) from the transmitter to the receiver and storing the received signals.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein each of said signals S_k (t) is transmitted a plurality of times and an average of the plurality of transmitted signals is stored representing signals of the form S_k *(t).

21. The method of claim 20 wherein said signals of the form S_k (t) are at least a portion of a cycle of a cosinusoidal waveform and said signals of the form X_i (k) have values of (+)A or (-)A, where A is a constant.

22. The method of claims 20 or 21 wherein at said receiver each of the received signals of the form S_k (t) is converted to a series of binary numbers said binary numbers are stored, and thereafter said binary numbers are sequentially used to generate the signals of the form S_k *(t).

23. The method of claim 16 wherein at the receiver in each time interval T multiplying the signal of the form w(t) by each of the N signals of the form S_k *(t) in parallel, integrating each so formed product signal and at the end of each interval T temporarily storing each of the integrated signals which will then have the form Y_i *(k).

24. The method of claim 22 wherein said correlating step comprises during each time interval T the signals of the form w(t) are converted to an input a series of binary numbers, sequentially multiplying the input series of binary numbers with each of the stored series of binary numbers in parallel while accumulating the generated products in parallel, and at the end of each time interval T temporarily storing N binary numbers, each representing one of the signals of the form Y_i *(k).

25. The method of claim 16 wherein said processing step comprises generating signals of the form ##EQU11## by pairwise correlating the signals of the form S_k *(t), and generating therefrom by matrix algebra rules the signal of the form V_kj.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein at said receiver each of the received signals of the form S_k (t) is converted to a series of binary numbers said binary numbers are stored, and thereafter said binary numbers are sequentially read to generate the signals of the form S_k *(t), said step for generating signals of the form R_jm comprising sequentially multiplying the series of stored binary numbers representing the signals of the form S_j *(t) and S_m *(t) and summing the generated products to produce a set of binary number values.