Probes for the ultrasonic treatment or inspection of molten aluminum

• US 4,287,755 A
• Filed: 09/12/1979
• Issued: 09/08/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 09/12/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Reynolds Metals Company (Howmet Aerospace, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Reynolds Metals Company (Howmet Aerospace, Inc.)
• Inventors: Mansfield, Thomas L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Gill, James J.
• Application Number:
  US06/074,800
• Time in Patent Office: 727 Days
• Field of Search: 73/61 R, 73/597, 73/599, 73/627, 73/629, 73/632, 73/644
• US Class Current: 73/61.79
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0252 Melting, molten solids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2291/0426 Bulk waves, e.g. quartz crystal microbalance, torsional waves
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/228 related to high temperature conditions
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 29/2443 Quartz crystal probes

Abstract

Special probes for the ultrasonic inspection or treatment of molten aluminum are described. Such probes employ a special working tip which is made essentially of titanium and is capped with a coating of aluminum by a vacuum vaporization process. Also described is a process for making such probes.

Claims

1. An improved probe for conducting ultrasonic mechanical energy between a transducer device and an aluminum melt;

where said probe comprises a working tip consisting of titanium, and a coating of aluminum which has been volatilized and deposited on said working tip in a vacuum; and

said probe is further characterized in that upon the immersion of said working tip in an aluminum melt at temperatures up to about 850°

C., said working tip is wetted by molten aluminum in about one minute or less.

2. An improved probe for conducting ultrasonic mechanical energy between a transducer device and an aluminum melt;

where said probe comprises a working tip made essentially of titanium, and a coating of aluminum wherein said coating has been formed on said working tip by sequential steps comprising;

(a) chemical etching the surface of said working tip to clean said surface, and to remove titanium oxides and other reaction products from said surface;

(b) situating said working tip in a vacuum atmosphere;

(c) bombarding the surface of said working tip with ionized gas from a glow discharge to further clean said surface, and to further remove titanium oxides and other reaction products from said surface;

(d) decreasing the pressure of said vacuum atmosphere; and

(e) volatilizing aluminum in said vacuum atmosphere so that the volatilized aluminum is deposited on the surface of said working tip to form said coating.

3. An improved probe according to claim 2 wherein step (a) is carried out using an acidic aqueous solution containing at least one acid selected from the group consisting of chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid.

4. An improved probe according to claim 3 wherein said solution consists essentially of about 20 wt.% hydrofluoric acid, and about 30 wt.% nitric acid, balance water.

5. An improved probe according to claim 3 wherein step (a) removes a sufficient amount of elemental titanium from the surface of said working tip for the titanium grain structure of said body member to become visible at the surface of said working tip.

6. An improved probe according to claim 2 wherein step (c) is carried out in a vacuum atmosphere of about 50 to 300 microns pressure.

7. An improved probe according to claim 6 wherein step (c) is carried out for a period of about 15 to 60 minutes.

8. An improved probe according to claim 2 wherein step (e) is carried out in a vacuum atmosphere of about 0.005 to 0.5 microns pressure.

9. An improved probe according to claim 8 wherein step (e) is carried out for a period of about 15 to 30 seconds.

10. An improved probe according to claim 2 wherein following step (e), the coated working tip is removed from said vacuum atmosphere and sealed to inhibit its oxidation by immersing said coated working tip in an aluminum melt.

11. A process of making a probe for conducting ultrasonic mechanical energy between a transducer device and an aluminum melt, where said process comprises the following sequential steps, starting with a probe working tip which is made essentially of titanium;

(a) Chemical etching the surface of said working tip to clean said surface, and to remove titanium oxides and other reaction products from said surface;

(b) Situating said working tip in a vacuum atmosphere;

(c) Bombarding the surface of said working tip with ionized gas from a glow discharge to further clean said surface, and to further remove titanium oxides and other reaction products from said surface;

(d) Decreasing the pressure of said vacuum atmosphere; and

(e) Volatilizing aluminum in said vacuum atmosphere so that the volatilized aluminum is deposited on the surface of said working tip to form a coating thereon.

12. A process according to claim 11 wherein step (a) is carried out using an acidic aqueous solution containing at least one acid from the group consisting of chromic acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sodium sulfate and sulfuric acid.

13. A process according to claim 12 wherein said solution consists essentially of about 20 wt.% hydrofluoric acid and about 30 wt.% nitric acid, balance water.

14. A process according to claim 12 wherein step (a) removes a sufficient amount of elemental titanium from the surface of said body member for the titanium grain structure of said body member to become visible at the surface of said body member.

15. A process according to claim 11 wherein step (c) is carried out in a vacuum atmosphere of about 50 to 300 microns pressure.

16. A process according to claim 15 wherein step (c) is carried out for a period of about 15 to 60 minutes.

17. A process according to claim 11 wherein step (e) is carried out in a vacuum atmosphere of about 0.005 to 0.5 microns pressure.

18. A process according to claim 17 wherein step (e) is carried out for a period of about 15 to 30 seconds.

19. A process according to claim 11 wherein an improved probe according to claim 2 wherein following step (e), the coated working tip is removed from said vacuum atmosphere and sealed to inhibit its oxidation by immersing said coated working tip in an aluminum melt.