Data processing system with programmable graphics generator

• US 4,296,476 A
• Filed: 01/08/1979
• Issued: 10/20/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 01/08/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Atari Incorporated (Infogrames Entertainment SA)
• Original Assignee: Atari Incorporated (Infogrames Entertainment SA)
• Inventors: Mayer, Steven T., Decuir, Joseph C., Miner, Jay G., Neubauer, Douglas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Shaw, Gareth D.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Heckler, Thomas M.
• Application Number:
  US06/001,497
• Time in Patent Office: 1,016 Days
• Field of Search: 364/200 MS File, 364/900 MS File, 364/724, 179/90 K, 328/14, 328/17, 328/62, 331/78, 340/723, 340/724, 340/747, 340/750, 340/799, 340/384 E
• US Class Current: 345/553
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 13/00 Video games, i.e. games using an electronically generated display having two or more dimensions gaming systems which provide a financial reward G07F17/32
• CPC Class Codes: A63F 2300/203 Image generating hardware
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/04845 for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 15/005 General purpose rendering architectures
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/024 using colour registers, e.g. to control background, foreground, surface filling G09G5/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/42 characterised by the display of patterns using a display memory without fixed position correspondence between the display memory contents and the display position on the screen

Abstract

A microprocessor based data processing system including a microprocessor, a memory unit, and display unit is provided with a programmable graphics generator that transfers graphics information from the memory unit to the display unit in response to and control of a set of display instructions also stored in the memory unit. The graphics generator includes a first addressing unit for sequentially accessing the display instructions from the memory unit; a control unit for receiving, storing and decoding such instruction and for issuing supervisory and control signals in response to the binary state of each instruction; a second addressing unit for accessing graphics information from the memory unit in response to the supervisory signals from the control unit; and a third addressing unit for accessing movable object graphics stored in the memory unit.

Claims

1. In a data processing system including a microprocessor, memory means having a plurality of addressable memory locations for storing microprocessor instructions, display instructions, and display graphics information, and a display unit of a type utilizing an image forming beam to form a raster of horizontal scan lines for displaying said graphics information to a user, said display instructions being stored in sequential ordered relation and including operation codes for defining first display characteristics of said graphics information and starting addresses indicative of the memory locations at which said graphics information is located, a graphics generator for executing said display instructions and, in response thereto, for selectively transferring portions of said display graphics information to said display unit for viewing, the generator comprising:

(a) first memory addressing means coupled to said memory means for sequentially accessing therefrom said display instructions;

(b) an instruction register coupled to said memory means for receiving and temporarily storing the operation code of each accessed instruction;

(c) second memory addressing means coupled to said memory means;

(d) control means coupled to said instruction register and responsive to the contents thereof for providing first control signals to cause transfer of said starting addresses from said memory means at memory locations designated by said first memory addressing means to said second addressing means and for causing said second memory addressing means to sequentially access said graphics information in synchronism with said image forming beam;

(e) transfer means coupled to said memory means and responsive to the contents of said instruction register for receiving and converting said display graphics information to video data of a format defined by said operation code, said transfer means including first buffer storage means for containing information indicative of a plurality of second display characteristics of said graphics information and selection means responsive to said video data for selecting a predetermined one of said plurality of second display characteristics, said buffer storage means being coupled to and addressable by said microprocessor for the transfer thereto of said display characteristic information.

2. The graphics generator of claim 1, wherein said transfer means includes second buffer storage means for temporarily storing said receiving graphics information for one horizontal scan line and means for accessing said second buffer storage during a plurality of immediately succeeding horizontal scan lines to sequentially obtain and convert said temporarily stored graphics information to video data, thereby causing said graphics information for one horizontal scan line to be replicated for a plurality of immediately succeeding horizontal scan lines.

3. The generator of claim 1, wherein the graphics information is in the form of N-bit data words, the transfer means including means for converting said graphics information to video data of M parallel bits, where M≦

N.

4. The generator of claim 3, wherein M is defined by the operation codes of said display instructions.

5. A system adapted to process and to display grahic information on a raster scan display means in response to and under the control of a plurality of display instructions, comprising:

a memory element having a plurality of addressable memory locations for storing said display instructions and said graphic information to be displayed, said graphic information being stored being in the form of data words arranged in a number of predetermined blocks of memory locations, each display instruction including an operation code defining, in part, the display characteristics of said graphic information, predetermined ones of said display instructions including starting addresses indicative of the memory locations containing said graphic information to be displayed; and

graphics generating means for executing said display instruction and, in responsive thereto, selectively transferring designated portions of said blocks of data words to said display means, the generating means comprising;

(1) first addressing means for sequentially accessing said display instructions from said memory element;

(2) an instruction register for temporarily storing the operation code of each one of said display instructions;

(3) control means coupled to said instruction register for decoding the operation code stored therein and for providing grapics generating signals in response thereto;

(4) second addressing means, responsive to at least certain of said graphics generating signals, for sequentially accessing said data words from said memory element, said second addressing means being preset by said control means with said starting addresses transferred thereto from memory locations designated by said first addressing means;

(5) converting means responsive to said graphics generating signals for receiving said accessed data words and for converting said data words to video data of a format defined by said operation code

(6) a plurality of buffer storage elements each containing display characteristics information defining the color and luminance values to be used to display said video data; and

(7) selection means interconnecting said converting means and said plurality of buffer storage elements for selecting a one of said storage elements in response to said video data.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein said data words are multi-bit and are converted by said converting means to video data having N binary parallel bits at a time, N being equal to or less than the number of bits in each of said data words.

7. The system of claim 5, including a microprocesor, and means for generating a plurality of audio signals;

said audio signal generator means including means responsive to said microprocessor for selecting and communicating a predetermined one of said plurality of audio signals to said display means.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein said audio generating means includes a number of divide-by-N counters each presettable by said microprocessor.

9. The system of claim 7, said audio generating means including:

(a) first means for generating an aperiodic signal including a plurality of frequencies;

(b) second means for generating at least a first and a second single-tone audio signals, said first audio signal being of a higher frequency than that of said second audio frequency; and

(c) audio control means coupled to said first and second means and responsive to said microprocessor for selectively communicating said aperiodic, first and second signals to said display means.

10. A method of controlling the movement of different objects shown on a video display screen of the type having an image-forming means including a controllable electronic beam forming a plurality of horizontal lines in response to horizontal and vertical timing signals, including horizontal retrace intervals, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) storing data indicative of the desired horizontal position of said objects on the display screen in a first buffer register corresponding to each one of said objects;

(b) storing data words containing graphics information in a memory unit, said data words being arranged in a sequentially ordered format forming a block of data words corresponding to each object to be displayed, each data word of each block corresponding to one of said horizontal lines, the graphics information including video graphics of the movable object relatively positioned within said block at locations indicative of the vertical position of the movable object on the video display screen;

(c) during each said horizontal retrace interval, accessing from said memory unit the data word corresponding to the next successive horizontal line from each block of data words;

(d) temporarily storing said accessed data words in a second buffer register; and

(e) coordinating transfer of said data words from said second buffer register to said video display screen in synchronism with said electron beam as dictated by said horizontal position data to display each block of data words in a vertical column that includes each movable object.

11. A method as in claim 10 including the step of:

(f) selectively updating the horizontal position data in said first buffer register to effect horizontal movement of said vertical column.

12. A method as in claim 10, including the step of:

(f) relocating said said video graphics of the movable object within said blocks to effect vertical movement of the movable object corresponding to said block.

13. A method as in claim 10, wherein said step (a) of storing includes the step of storing data representative of a plurality of display characteristics of said grahics data, and said step (e) of coordinating includes the step of selecting a one of said plurality of characteristics as a result of the logical content of each data word transferred.

14. Apparatus for controlling the movement of different objects shown on a video display screen of the type having a controllable image forming electron beam that traverses the screen to form a number of horizontal lines in response to horizontal and vertical timing signals, including horizontal and vertical blanking intervals, said apparatus comprising:

memory means for storing graphics information including video data representing said objects, said graphics information being contained in a plurality of multi-bit data words arranged in data word blocks corresponding to each said object, said data words being ordered within each respective block in corresponding relationship to each of said horizontal lines, said video data for each of said objects being relatively located within each data word block corresponding to a vertical position of said object on said display screen;

first buffer register means for storing data indicative of the desired horizontal position of said objects on said display screen;

means for accessing from said memory means predetermined ones of said data words corresponding to a next active horizontal display line during an immediately preceding horizontal blanking interval;

second buffer storage means coupled to said memory means for receiving and temporarily storing said accessed data words;

means for providing a signal indicative of the horizontal position of said beam during each horizontal line; and

means operatively coupled to said signal providing means and said first buffer register means for effecting transfer of said data words from said second buffer storage means to said display screen.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, including means for selectively varying the locational position of data words containing said video graphics within said data word blocks to thereby effect vertical movement of said objects on said display screen.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein there are N of said data word blocks sequentially arranged in a section of addressable memory locations within said memory means;

and said accessing means includes memory addressing means operably coupled to said memory means, said addressing means comprising;

latch means for storing address data indicative of the location of said section within said memory means;

modulo-N counter means for providing first address signals indicative of the location of data word block within said section;

binary counter means for providing second address signals indicative of data words corresponding to predetermined ones of said horizontal lines; and

means for incrementing said modulo-N counter during said horizontal blanking intervals to provide said first address signals for each data word block, and means for incrementing said binary counter at least once every N increments of said modulo-N counter.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said modulo-N counter means includes means for generating a carry signal, said binary counter incrementing means being responsive to said carry signal for incrementing said binary counter.

18. In a data processing system including a microprocessor, memory means having a plurality of addressable memory locations for storing microprocessor instructions and display graphics information, and a display unit for displaying said graphics information to a user, a graphics generator for selectively transferring portions of said display graphics information to said display unit for viewing, the generator comprising:

a plurality of display instructions stored in said memory means, said display instruction including operation codes for defining transfer and display of said graphics information and starting addresses indicative of the memory locations at which said graphics information to be transferred is located;

first memory addressing means coupled to said memory means for sequentially accessing therefrom said display instructions;

an instruction register coupled to said memory means for receiving and temporarily storing the operation code of each accessed display instruction;

second memory addressing means coupled to said memory means;

control means coupled to said instruction register and responsive to the contents thereof for providing control signals to cause transfer of said starting addresses from memory locations of said memory means designated by said first memory addressing means to said second addressing means and for causing said second addressing means to sequentially access said graphics information;

transfer means coupled to said memory means and responsive to the contents of said instruction register for receiving and converting said display graphics information to video data of a format defined by said operation code contained in said instruction register; and

means for communicating said video data to said display unit.