Solid state cell

• US 4,299,890 A
• Filed: 06/18/1980
• Issued: 11/10/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 06/18/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Duracell Incorporated (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Duracell International Incorporated (Berkshire Hathaway Incorporated)
• Inventors: Rea, Jesse R., Davis, Allen
• Primary Examiner(s): Walton, Donald L.
• Application Number:
  US06/160,531
• Time in Patent Office: 510 Days
• Field of Search: 429/191, 429/218, 429/162, 429/124, 429/103, 429/104
• US Class Current: 429/124
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0562 Solid materials
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/38 of elements or alloys
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A solid state ambient temperature cell having a thin layer of an alkali or alkaline earth metal as anode, a thin layer of a solid ionic conductive electrolyte and a thin cathode layer of a metal or metalloid which can accommodate anode cations in the crystalline structure thereof. Such metals or metalloids include bismuth, arsenic, antimony, lead, tin, selenium or tellurium. The cell is dischargeable at high rates and is rechargeable.

Claims

1. A solid state cell comprising a solid anode comprised of a metal selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth metals, a solid electrolyte, and an active solid cathode consisting essentially of a metal or metalloid having a crystalline structure able to accommodate cations of said anode metal.

2. The solid state cell of claim 1 wherein said cathode consists essentially of a member of the group consisting of bismuth, arsenic, antimony, lead, tin, tellurium and selenium.

3. The solid state cell of claim 1 wherein said anode is comprised of lithium.

4. The solid state cell of claim 1 wherein said anode, electrolyte and cathode are thin film layers having a total thickness no greater than 5 mils (0.13 mm).

5. The solid state cell of claim 4 wherein said total thickness is no greater than 15μ

.

6. The solid state cell of claim 1 wherein said cell is integrated with an electronic component which is powered therewith.

7. The solid state cell of claim 6 wherein said electronic component comprises a substrate upon which said cathode, electrolyte and anode are deposited by successive vacuum evaporations.

8. The solid state cell of claim 3 wherein said electrolyte comprises lithium iodide.

9. The solid state cell of claim 4 wherein said cell is rechargeable.

21. A battery comprised of two or more electrically interconnected cells of claim 1.

10. A solid state cell comprising a solid lithium anode, a solid electrolyte comprised of a lithium salt and a solid cathode consisting essentially of a metal selected from the group consisting of bismuth, arsenic, antimony, lead, tin, tellurium and selenium.

11. The solid state cell of claim 10 wherein said cathode metal is bismuth.

12. The solid state cell of claim 11 wherein said lithium salt is lithium iodide.

13. The solid state cell of claim 12 wherein said electrolyte further includes a conductivity enhancing dopant.

14. The solid state cell of claim 13 wherein said dopant is CaI₂.

15. The solid state cell of claim 12 wherein said anode, cathode and electrolyte are thin film layers having a total thickness no greater than 5 mils (0.13 mm).

16. The solid state cell of claim 15 wherein said total thickness is no greater than 15μ

.

17. The solid state cell of claim 16 wherein said cell is integrated with an electronic component which is powered therewith.

18. The solid state cell of claim 16 wherein said cell is constructed by successive vacuum evaporation deposition of said cathode, electrolyte and anode on a substrate.

19. The solid state cell of claim 18 wherein said substrte comprises an electronic component powered by said cell.

20. The solid state cell of claim 10 wherein said cell is rechargeable.

22. A battery comprised of two or more electrically interconnected cells of claim 10.

23. A battery comprised of two or more electrically interconnected cells of claim 11.