Circuit for protecting storage cells
First Claim
1. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon said series-connected cell reaching a given maximum charge or discharge, a switch conductively connectible directly to the negative and positive electrodes of said series-connected cells and to the terminals of the battery, said protective circuit in operational contact with said switch, said protective circuit connected with each cell terminals, and said series-connected cells connected to one of the two terminals of the battery via said switch and, wherein the protective circuit is formed of at least one first series-connected diode across which is shunted a series-connection comprising at least one heating element and a second diode with the first diode poled in forward direction and the second diode in blocking direction.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
Battery formed of electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type in series or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells connected in series. To assure uniform charging and discharging of the storage cells, each series-connected cell or each group of parallel-connected cells, has parallel-connected to the cell or group of cells, a protective circuit. Upon reaching a given maximum charge or discharge, a cell or group of cells, the circuit acts to bridge i.e. short the cell or group of cells which has reached a maximum charge or discharge, and prevent further charge or discharge of such cell or group of cells. The circuit is functionally connected to a switch which is conductively connectible directly to the negative and positive electrodes of the cells and to the electric terminals. The protective circuit is directly connected to both terminals and the storage cell to at least one of the two terminals via the switch.
116 Citations
19 Claims
- 1. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon said series-connected cell reaching a given maximum charge or discharge, a switch conductively connectible directly to the negative and positive electrodes of said series-connected cells and to the terminals of the battery, said protective circuit in operational contact with said switch, said protective circuit connected with each cell terminals, and said series-connected cells connected to one of the two terminals of the battery via said switch and, wherein the protective circuit is formed of at least one first series-connected diode across which is shunted a series-connection comprising at least one heating element and a second diode with the first diode poled in forward direction and the second diode in blocking direction.
- 10. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon said series-connected cell reaching a given maximum charge or discharge, a switch conductively connectible directly to the negative and positive electrodes of said series-connected cells and to the terminals of the battery, said protective circuit in operational contact with said switch, said protective circuit connected with each cell terminals, and said series-connected cells connected to one of the two terminals of the battery via said switch and, wherein the protective circuit comprises a series-connection of a Zener diode and a heating element.
- 12. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon said series-connected cell reaching a given maximum charge or discharge, a switch conductively connectible directly to the negative and positive electrodes of said series-connected cells and to the terminals of the battery, said protective circuit in operational contact with said switch, said protective circuit connected with each cell terminals, and said series-connected cells connected to one of the two terminals of the battery via said switch and, wherein the protective circuit comprises a series-connection of a voltage-dependent resistor and a heating element.
- 15. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon reaching a maximum charge or discharge, wherein the protective circuit is formed of at least one first series-connected diode across which is shunted a series-connection comprising at least one heating element and a second diode with the first diode poled in forward direction and the second diode in blocking direction.
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16. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon reaching a maximum charge or discharge, wherein the protective circuit comprises a series-connection of a Zener diode and a heating element.
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17. Electrochemical storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, connected to form a battery which can be uniformly charged and discharged, in which series-connected cells having positive and negative electrodes as individual cells or groups of several parallel-connected storage cells are series-connected to form a battery having a positive terminal and a negative terminal, with the cell having an anode chamber for containing alkali metal anolyte and a cathode chamber for containing chalcogen catholyte, with the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by an alkali ion-conducting solid electrolyte, a protective circuit shunted across each said series-connected cell which bridges the circuit through said series-connected cell upon reaching a maximum charge or discharge, wherein the protective circuit comprises a series-connection of a voltage-dependent resistor and a heating element.
Specification