Control apparatus and method for engine/electric hybrid vehicle

• US 4,305,254 A
• Filed: 02/20/1980
• Issued: 12/15/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 02/20/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Daihatsu Motor Company Limited (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Daihatsu Motor Company Limited (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Honda, Shoji, Kawakatsu, Shiro
• Primary Examiner(s): Ostrager, Allen M.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Husar, Stephen F.
• Application Number:
  US06/123,057
• Time in Patent Office: 664 Days
• Field of Search: 60/698, 60/706, 60/709, 60/711, 60/716, 60/718, 180/65 A, 180/65 R, 290/17, 290/45
• US Class Current: 60/716
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/54 Transmission for changing ratio
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/15 with additional electric power supply with capacitors charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/40; with batteries charged by engine-driven generators B60L50/61
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/10 by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/10 Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/917 with transmission for changing gear ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/947 Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking

Abstract

A hybrid vehicle comprises an internal combustion engine and a motor/generator, which are controlled by a microcomputer. The internal combustion engine is rendered capable of a running operation in a region of a better fuel consumption characteristic. Outside the above described region, the motor is cooperatively driven with the internal combustion engine to provide a driving torque or only the motor is energized by a battery to provide a driving torque. On the other hand, when the hybrid vehicle is driven with a torque smaller than a predetermined lower limit value of the torque of the internal combustion engine, the redundant torque is used to drive the generator, so that a regenerative power is absorbed by the battery.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle having wheels, comprising:

an internal combustion engine having a throttle,

throttle control means for controlling an opening degree of said throttle as a function of a given first control amount,

an electric motor,

a battery for supplying an electric power to said electric motor,

motor control means for controlling said electric power fed from said battery to said electric motor as a function of a given second control amount,

transmitting means for transmitting a driving power of at least said internal combustion engine and said electric motor to said wheels of said hybrid vehicle,

speed adjustment operating means for being operated for speed adjustment of said hybrid vehicle,

first data providing means for providing data concerning a relation of said first control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said internal combustion engine,

second data providing means for providing data concerning a relation of said second control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said electric motor,

revolution number providing means responsive to the movement of said hybrid vehicle for providing data concerning the number of revolutions determinable as a function of the speed of said movement of said hybrid vehicle and adaptable to the number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine and the number of revolutions of said electric motor,

required torque data providing means responsive to the output of said speed adjustment operating means for providing data concerning a required torque determinable based on the number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means,

first determining means for determining whether said number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means is within a predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when said number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means is deemed as said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine,

second determining means for determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when it is determined by said first determining means that said number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means is within said predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine, and

control means for providing said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to said first data providing means so as to maximize said opening degree of said throttle of said internal combustion engine when it is determined by said second determining means that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and for providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to said second data providing means so as to run said electric motor with a torque corresponding to the difference between said required torque and said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

2. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 1, which further comprises

third determining means for determining whether said required torque is smaller than a predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when it is determined by said second determining means that said required torque is smaller than said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to said first data providing means so as to use the torque of said internal combustion engine as said required torque when it is determined by said third determining means that said required torque is larger than said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

3. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 1, which further comprises

fourth determining means for determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined by said second determining means that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to said second data providing means so as to run said electric motor with said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined by said fourth determining means that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

4. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 1, wherein

said control means is further adapted for enabling a running operation of said electric motor when it is determined by said first determining means that the number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means is not within said predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine.

5. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 4, which further comprises

fifth determining means for determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit of a predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined by said first determining means that the number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means is not within said predetermined range of the number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to said second data providing means so as to maximize the torque of said electric motor when it is determined by said fifth determining means that said required torque exceeds, said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

6. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 5, wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to said second data providing means so as to use said torque of said electric motor as said required torque when it is determined by said fifth determining means that said required torque is lower than said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

7. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 2, wherein

said electric motor is structured to be selectively operable as a generator, and which further comprises

generator control means for controlling a regenerative power obtained from said generator to said battery as a function of a given third control amount, and

third data providing means for providing data concerning a ralation of said third control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said generator, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for providng said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to said first data providing means so as to run said internal combustion engine with said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine when it is determined by said second determining means that said required torque is smaller than said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and for providing said third control amount to said generator control means by referring to said third data providing means so as to run said generator with a torque corresponding to the difference between said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and said required torque.

8. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 7, which further comprises

brake operating means for being operated for a brake operation of said hybrid vehicle,

required braking torque data providing means responsive to the output of said brake operating means for providing data concerning a required braking troque determinable by the number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means, and

sixth determining means for determining whether said required braking torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said generator, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said third control amount to said generator control means so as to use the torque of said generator as said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator when it is determined by said sixth determining means that said required braking torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator.

9. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 8, wherein

said control means is further adapted for providing said third control amount to said generator control means by referring to said third data providing means so as to use the torque of said generator as said required braking torque when it is determined by said sixth determining means that said required braking torque is smaller than said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator.

10. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 1, wherein

said first determining means comprises

limit revolution number data providing means for providing data concerning a lower limit and upper limit values of said number of revolutions for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine, and

means for comparing said number of revolutions obtained from said revolution number data providing means with said data concerning a lower limit and upper limit values of said number of revolutions.

11. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 10, wherein

said second determining means comprises upper limit internal combustion engine torque data providing means for providing data concerning an upper limit value of a predetermined torque range for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine, and

said second determining means comprises means for comparing said required torque with said upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

12. An apparatus for contorlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 2, wherein

said third determining means comprises

lower limit internal combustion engine torque data providing means for providing data concerning a lower limit value of said predetermined torque range for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine, and

means for comparing said required torque with said lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

13. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 3, wherein

said fourth determining means comprises

upper limit electric motor torque data providing means for providing data concerning said upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor,

and

means for comparing said required torque with said upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

14. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 8, wherein

said sixth determining means comprises

upper limit generator torque data providing means for providing data concerning said upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator, and

means for comparing said required braking torque with said upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator.

15. An apparatus for controllng a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 1, which further comprises

motor incapability flag providing means for providing a motor incapability flag representing that said electric motor is incapable of a running operation, and

seventh determining means for determining whether said battery is in an overdischarged state, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said motor incapability flag when it is determined by said seventh determining means that said battery is in said overdischarged state and for resetting said motor incapability flag when it is determined by said seventh determining means that said battery is not in said overdischarged state, and which further comprises

engine incapability flag providing means for providing engine incapability flag representing that said internal combustion engine is incapable of a running operation, and

initiation incapable state determining means for determining whether said internal combustion engine is incapable of initiation, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said engine incapability flag when it is determined by said initiation incapability state determining means that said internal combustion engine is incapable of initiation.

16. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 15, which further comprises

initiation means for initiating said internal combustion engine,

initiation failure number detecting means for detecting the number of failures in initiation attempted by said initiation means, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said engine incapability flag when the number of failures in initiation has reached a predetermined number.

17. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 15, which further comprises

eighth determining means for determining whether said motor incapability flag has been set, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering said internal combustion engine capable when it is determined by said eighth determining means that said motor incapability flag has been set.

18. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 17, which further comprises

ninth determining means for determining whether said engine incapability flag has been set when it is determined by said eighth determining means that said motor incapability flag has been reset, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering both of said internal combustion engine and said electric motor capable when it is determined by said ninth determining means that said engine incapability flag has not been set.

19. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 18, wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering only said electric motor capable when it is determined by said ninth determining means that said engine incapability flag has been set.

20. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid ybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 15, wherein

said seventh determining means comprises

overdischarged state data providing means for providing data representing a relation of a limit value of a current and a limit value of a voltage showing an overcharged state of said battery and,

means for comparing a current and voltage of said battery with said current and voltage limit values.

21. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 7, which further comprises

generator incapability flag providing means for providing a generator incapability flag representing that said generator is incapabile of a running operation, and

tenth determining means for determining whether the temperature of said battery exceeds a predetermined value, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said generator incapability flag when it is determined by said tenth determining means that the temperature of said battery exceeds said predetermined value and for resetting said generator incapability flag when it is determined by said tenth determining means that the temperature of said battery is lower than said predetermined value.

22. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 21, which further comprises

motor incapability flag providing means for providing a motor incapability flag representing that said electric motor is incapable of a running operation, and

seventh determining means for determining whether said battery is in an overdischarged state, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said motor incapability flag when it is determined by said seventh determining means that said battery is in said overdischarged state and for resetting said motor incapability flag when it is determined by said seventh determining means that said battery is not in said overdischarged state, and which further comprises

eighth determining means for determining whether said motor incapability flag has been set, and

eleventh determining means for determining whether said generator incapability flag has been set when it is determined by said eighth determining means that said motor incapability flag has been set, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering only said internal combustion engine capable when it is determined by said eleventh determining means that said generator incapability flag has been set.

23. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 22, wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering said internal combustion engine and said generator capable when it is determined by said eleventh determining means that said generator incapability flag has been reset.

24. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 22, which further comprises

engine incapability flag providing means for providing an engine incapability flag representing that said internal combustion engine is incapable of a running operation, and

initiation incapability detecting means for detecting whether said internal combustion engine is incapable of initiation, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for setting said engine incapability flag when it is detected by said initiation incapability detecting means that said internal combustion engine is incapable of initiation, and which further comprises

twelfth determining means for determining whether said engine incapability flag has been set when it is determined by said eight determining means that said motor incapability flag has been reset, and

thirteenth determining means for determining whether said generator incapability flag has been set when it is determined by said twelfth determining means that said engine incapability flag has not been set, and wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering said internal combustion engine and said electric motor capable when it is determined by said thirteenth determining means that said generator incapability flag has been set.

25. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 24, wherein

said control means is further adapted for rendering said internal combustion engine capable, and said motor or said generator when it is determined by said thirteenth determining means that said generator incapability flag has been reset.

26. An apparatus for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 21, wherein

said eighth determining means comprises

maximum temperature data providing means for providing data concerning an allowable maximum value of a temperature of said battery, and

means for comparing the temperature of said battery with said allowable maximum temperature of said battery.

27. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle having wheels, said hybrid vehicle comprising:

an internal combustion enginen having a throttle,

throttle control means for controlling an opening degree of said throttle as a function of a given first control amount,

an electric motor,

a battery for supplying an electric power to said electric motor,

motor control means for controlling said electric power fed from said battery to said electric motor as a function of a given second control amount,

transmitting means for transmitting a driving power of at least said internal combustion engine and said electric motor to said wheels of said hybrid vehicle, and

speed adjustment operating means for being operated for speed adjustment of said hybrid vehicle, said method comprising

the step of providing data concerning a relation of said first control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said internal combustion engine,

the step of providing data concerning a relation of said second control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said electric motor,

the step of providing data concerning the number of revolutions determinable as a function of the speed of said movement of said hybrid vehicle and adaptable to the number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine and the number of revolutions of said electric motor,

the step of providing data concerning a required torque determinable based on said number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step responsive to the output of said speed adjustment operating means,

the first determining step of determining whether said number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step is within a predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when said number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step is deemed as said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine,

the second determining step of determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when it is determined at said first determining step that said number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step is within said predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine, and

the step of providing said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to the data provided at said first data providing step so as to maximize said opening degree of said throttle of said internal combustion engine when it is determined at said second determining step that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and for providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to the data provided at said second data providing step so as to run said electric motor with a torque corresponding to the difference between said required torque and said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

28. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 27, which further comprises

the third determining step of determining whether said required torque is larger than a predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine for allowing for a running operation of said internal combustion engine when it is determined at said second determining step that said required torque is smaller than said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine, and

the step of providing said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to the data provided at said first data providing step so as to use the torque of said internal combustion engine as said required torque when it is determined at said third determining step that said required torque is larger than said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine.

29. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 27, which further comprises

the fourth determining step of determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined at said second determining step that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine, and

the step of providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to the data provided at said second data providing step so as to run said electric motor with said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined at said fourth determining step that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

30. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 27, which further comprises

the step of enabling a running operation of said electric motor when it is determined at said first determining step that the number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step is not within said predetermined range of said number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine.

31. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 30, which further comprises

the fifth determining step of determining whether said required torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit of a predetermined torque range of said electric motor when it is determined at said first determining step that the number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step is not within said predetermined range of the number of revolutions of said internal combustion engine, and

the step of providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to the data provided at said second data providing step so as to maximize the torque of said electric motor when it is determined at said fifth determining step that said required torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

32. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 31, which further comprises

the step of providing said second control amount to said motor control means by referring to the data provided at said second data providing step so as to use said torque of said electric motor as said required torque when it is determined at said fifth determining step that said required torque is lower than said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said electric motor.

33. A method of controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 28, wherein

said electric motor is structured to be selectively operable as a generator, and

said hybrid vehicle further comprises

generator control means for controlling a regenerative power obtained from said generator to said battery as a function of a given third control amount, and which further comprises

the step of providing data concerning a relation of said third control amount with respect to the number of revolutions and torque of said generator, and

the step of providing said first control amount to said throttle control means by referring to the data provided at said first data providing step so as to run said internal combustion engine with said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine when it is determined at said second determining step that said required torque is smaller than said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and for providing said third control amount to said generator control means by referring to data provided at said third data providing step so as to run said generator with a torque corresponding to the difference between said predetermined lower limit value of said predetermined torque range of said internal combustion engine and said required torque.

34. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 33, wherein said hybrid vehicle further comprises

brake operating means for being operated for a brake operation of said hybrid vehicle, and which further comprises

the step of providing data concerning a required braking torque determinable by the number of revolutions provided at said revolution number data providing step responsive to the output of said brake operating means,

the sixth determining step of determining whether said required braking torque exceeds a predetermined upper limit value of a predetermined torque range of said generator, and

the step of providing said third control amount to said generator control means so as to use the torque of said generator as said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator when it is determined at said sixth determining step that said required braking torque exceeds said predetermined upper limit value of said predetermined torque range of said generator.

35. A method for controlling a hybrid vehicle in accordance with claim 34, which further comprises

the step of providing said third control amount to said generator control means by referring to the data provided at said third data providing step so as to use the torque of said generator as said required braking torque when it is determined at said sixth determining step that said required braking torque is smaller than said predetermined upper limit torque of said predetermined torque range of said generator.