Electric safety squib

• US 4,306,499 A
• Filed: 01/04/1980
• Issued: 12/22/1981
• Est. Priority Date: 04/03/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Autoliv ASP Incorporated (Autoliv Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Thiokol Corporation (Howmet Aerospace, Inc.)
• Inventors: Holmes, Wayne W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Brown, David H.
• Application Number:
  US06/109,730
• Time in Patent Office: 718 Days
• Field of Search: 102/28 R, 102/28 S, 102/28 M
• US Class Current: 102/202.4
• CPC Class Codes: F42B 3/18 Safety initiators resistant to premature firing by static electricity or stray currents

Abstract

An electric safety squib having a grounded outer case and a pair of normally ungrounded terminals includes a closed thermally and electrically conductive container filled with pyrotechnic material. An electrical resistance wire is embedded in the pyrotechnic material for controlled ignition thereof. A separate conductor extends from each of the terminals to an associated end of the resistance wire through a resistive header and a chamber holding ferrite beads whereby energy of radio-frequency and electrostatic origin extraneously induced in the terminals and conductors is dissipated into the bulk of the conductors, the resistive header and ferrite beads. The arrangement features the disposition of the ferrite beads in good heat transfer relation with the chamber walls whereby heat is carried away from the ferrite beads to limit any rise in temperature thereof, and further features the connection of the junction of one of the conductors and the resistance wire directly to the container wall, and the spacing of the container wall with respect to the outer case to provide a measured spark gap therebetween whereby radio-frequency and electrostatic energy above a threshold value that may reach the resistance wire is conducted by the walls of the container around and away from the pyrotechnic material and is discharged through the spark gap, thereby preventing such energy from passing through the pyrotechnic charge and developing enough concentrated heat to ignite it.

Claims

1. An electric squib comprising

a pyrotechnic charge,

electrical means for igniting said pyrotechnic charge, said electrical means having a pair of terminals that normally are insulated from ground potential, and

shield means for shielding said pyrotechnic charge from electrostatic energy tending to be induced in said terminals comprising electrically and thermally conductive walls surrounding said pyrotechnic charge in close physical and thermal contact therewith, one terminal of said electrical means being connected to and the other terminal thereof being insulated from said walls whereby electrostatic energy developed on said electric means is conducted around and away from said pyrotechnic charge by said walls, said shield means further including spark gap defining means between said walls and ground potential whereby electrostatic energy on said walls above a threshold value is discharged to ground by arcing.

2. An electric squib as specified in claim 1 wherein said electrical means includes a resistance wire embedded in said pyrotechnic charge.

3. An electric squib as specified in claim 1 including an electrically conductive outer housing, said housing being adapted to provide a ground potential, said shield means being electrically insulated from said housing, and said spark gap being provided between said walls and said housing.

4. An electric squib as specified in claim 3 wherein said housing is elongated, said pyrotechnic charge, electrical igniting means, and said shield means are positioned at one end thereof, and said terminals include electrical conductors that extend exteriorly of said housing at the other end thereof.

5. An electric squib as specified in claim 4 wherein said conductors are disposed parallel to each other in said housing.

6. An electric squib as specified in claim 4 wherein said housing is tubular in form, includes a relatively massive mounting flange, and includes an inner portion that is tubular and concentrically disposed with respect to said housing, and further including at least one ferrite bead that is magnetically associated with said electrical conductors, said ferrite bead being disposed in said inner tubular portion of said housing in good heat transfer relation therewith.

7. An electric squib as specified in claim 4 further including at least one ferrite bead in said housing through which said electrical conductors extend.

8. An electric squib as specified in claim 4 wherein said electrical conductors comprise rods that are disposed parallel to each other in said housing.

9. An electric squib as specified in claim 8 wherein said pyrotechnic charge and electrical means are contained within a plastic cup having an open end and the internal walls of which are provided with a metal foil lining having good thermal and electrical conductivity, said lining comprising said shield means and having an opening through which one of said conductor rods extends, being electrically insulated therefrom, the other of said conductor rods being electrically connected to said lining, and a protective cover for closing the open end of said cup, an edge of said lining being exposed to the exterior of said cup at said one end of said housing by said protective cover thereby to provide said spark gap.

10. An electric squib as specified in claim 8 further including at least one ferrite bead in said housing through which said conductor rods extend.

11. An electric squib as specified in claim 10 including at least two ferrite beads in said housing through which said conductor rods extend, said beads being so disposed in said housing as to be in good heat conducting relation therewith for facilitating the transfer of heat from said ferrite bead to said housing.

12. An electric squib as specified in claim 4 wherein said housing is tubular in form, said wall means of said shield means includes a portion that is tubular and is concentrically disposed with respect to said housing, and an extension of said tubular portion comprises one of said conductors, the other conductor comprising a rod that is centrally positioned with respect to said tubular extension.

13. An electric squib as specified in claim 12 including a dielectric sleeve interposed between said housing and each of said tubular portion and extension.

14. The electric squib of claim 13 wherein said dielectric sleeve is made of synthetic rubber.

15. The electric squib of claim 13 wherein said dielectric sleeve has numerous perforations, and further including a silicone grease filling the perforations to promote heat transfer from said tubular electrical conductor portion and extension to said housing.

16. An electric squib as specified in claim 13 wherein said shield means includes an electrically conductive partition connected to said tubular portion and having an opening through which said conductor rod extends, said conductor rod being insulated from said partition.

17. An electric squib as specified in claim 16 wherein said conductive partition and a second partition in said tubular extension form a chamber, said chamber including at least one ferrite bead having a central hole through which said conductor rod extends.

18. An electric squib as specified in claim 17 further including a connector receptacle on the other side of said second partition and a connector that fits into said connector receptacle and receives the terminal end of said conductor rod, said connector including good electrically conductive connections for contact with the tubular and rod conductors supported on a cylinder of material that has an electrical resistance of at least 10,000 ohms.

19. An electric squib as specified in claim 13 including an electrically conductive end cap retaining in the end of said tubular portion for confining said pyrotechnic charge therein.

20. An electric squib as specified in claim 19 wherein said dielectric sleeve adjacent said end cap is shorter than said housing and said tubular portion of said sleeve means whereby an air gap for sparking is provided between said housing and said tubular portion.

21. An electric squib as specified in claim 19 further including a retaining ring having an inner flange that extends inwardly and fits into a groove in the end portion of said housing adjacent said pyrotechnic charge, and an outer flange that extends inwardly to retain said dielectric sleeve and tubular portion and extension in said housing, and further including an inwardly extending flange on the end of said dielectric sleeve to space the outer flange of the retaining ring from the end of said tubular portion.

22. An electric squib as specified in claim 21 further including mounting means fixed to said housing.

23. An electric squib as specified in claim 22 wherein said mounting means is an annular flange integral with the housing.

24. An electric squib for igniting an automobile air bag inflator, comprising:

an electrically conductive, tubular, outer housing;

a dielectric sleeve that fits inside the housing;

a tubular electrical conductor that fits inside the sleeve and is spaced thereby from the housing a discrete distance calculated to provide spark gaps for extraneous electrical energy of given ranges of voltages and frequencies;

an electrically conductive rod centrally positioned in the housing;

means for retaining the sleeve and tubular conductor in the housing;

a first electrically conductive partition, that fits tightly in the tubular conductor and through which the rod extends, forming a first chamber in one end portion of the tube;

a pyrotechnic material in the first chamber;

means for insulating the rod from the first partition;

a resistance wire attached at one end to the rod in the first chamber and at its other end to the first partition, and passing through the pyrotechnic material;

a second partition that fits tightly in the tubular conductor, forming a second chamber between the first and second partitions and a connector receptacle on the other side of the second partition; and

at least one ferrite bead in the second chamber, having a central hole through which the rod conductor passes.

25. The electric squib of claim 24 wherein the sleeve is shorter than the housing and the tubular conductor, so that there is an air gap between the housing and the tubular conductor to provide for sparking.

26. The electric squib of claim 24 further including an electrically conductive end cap retained in the tubular conductor for confining the pyrotechnic material therein.

27. The electric squib of claim 24 further including a retaining ring having an inner flange that extends inwardly and fits into a groove in the end portion of the housing adjacent the pyrotechnic material, and an outer flange that extends inwardly to retain the sleeve and tubular conductor in the housing, and further including an inwardly-extending flange on the end of the sleeve to space the outer flange of the retaining ring from the end of the tubular conductor.

28. The electric squib of claim 24 further including a connector that fits into the connector receptacle and receives the terminal end of the rod conductor, said connector containing highly conductive connections for contact with the tubular and rod conductors supported on a cylinder of material that is conductive above approximately 10,000 ohms.

29. The electric squib of claim 24 wherein the electrically-insulating sleeve is made of synthetic rubber.

30. The electric squib of claim 24 wherein the electrically-insulating sleeve has numerous perforations, and further including a silicone grease filling the perforations to promote heat transfer from the tubular, electrical conductor to the housing.

31. The electric squib of claim 24 further including mounting means fixed to the housing.

32. The electric squib of claim 31 wherein the mounting means is an annular flange integral with the housing.

33. In an electric squib comprising,

a pyrotechnic charge,

electrical means for igniting said pyrotechnic charge, said electrical means having a pair of terminals, and

conventional means for attenuating radio-frequency signals and electrostatic energy that tend to be induced extraneously in said terminals,

the improvement comprising providing electrically and thermally conductive walls in close physical and thermal surrounding relation with respect to said pyrotechnic charge, one of said terminals being electrically connected to said walls and the other insulated therefrom whereby electrostatic energy is conducted around and away from said pyrotechnic charge by said walls, and providing a spark gap between said walls and ground potential whereby electrostatic energy above a threshold value will be discharged from said walls to ground by arcing.

34. An electric squib comprising,

a pyrotechnic charge, and

an electrically conductive grounded housing containing said pyrotechnic charge, electrical means for igniting said pyrotechnic charge, said electrical means having a pair of terminals that normally are insulated from ground potential, and shield means including ferrite bead means associated with said terminals for attenuating radio frequency signals that tend to be induced therein, said ferrite bead means being disposed in good heat transfer relation with said housing, said shield means further including means for shielding said pyrotechnic charge from electrostatic energy tending to be induced in said terminals comprising thermally and electrically conductive walls surrounding said pyrotechnic charge in good heat transfer relation therewith, one terminal of said electrical means being connected to and the other terminal thereof being insulated from said walls whereby electrostatic energy developed on said electric means is conducted around and away from said pyrotechnic charge by said walls, said shield means further including spark gap defining means between said walls and said grounded housing whereby electrostatic energy on said walls above a threshold value is discharged to ground by arcing.

35. An electric squib as specified in claim 34 wherein said housing is tubular and includes an inner chamber having cylindrical walls, which chamber is substantially filled by said ferrite bead means, said shield means further including sleeve means that line the cylindrical walls of said chamber and electrically insulate said ferrite bead means from said cylindrical walls, said sleeve being perforated and filled with silicone grease, to effect better transfer of heat between said bead means and said housing.

36. An electric squib as specified in claim 34 wherein said housing includes an inner chamber having cylindrical walls, in which chamber said ferrite bead means are disposed, said ferrite bead means filling said chamber and having walls that are in direct physical contact with said cylindrical walls of said housing.