Cermet film selective black absorber

• US 4,312,915 A
• Filed: 11/15/1979
• Issued: 01/26/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 01/30/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Fan, John C. C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Hess, Bruce H.
• Application Number:
  US06/094,370
• Time in Patent Office: 803 Days
• Field of Search: 29/195 M, 106/58, 106/59, 106/66, 126/270, 126/271, 126/417, 350/1.1, 350/1.6, 350/1.7, 427/34, 427/160, 427/162, 427/376 B, 427/376.2, 427/376.3, 427/376.4, 427/376.5, 428/212, 428/215, 428/469, 428/472, 428/913, 428/216, 428/323, 428/328, 428/332, 428/333
• US Class Current: 428/323
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 70/225 for spectrally selective absorption
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 70/25 Coatings made of metallic material
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 126/908 Particular chemical
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/25 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/256 Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/261 In terms of molecular thickness or light wave length

Abstract

A selective-black absorber capable of operation at elevated temperatures and high efficiency as a solar energy absorber is described. A cermet of MgO/Au, MgO/Pt, and Cr₂ O₃ /Cr having high solar energy absorptance and low infrared energy emissivity is coated on a substrate having high infrared reflectivity such as Mo coated on stainless steel; Ni coated on Cu, or steel; aluminum, or steel. Typically an absorption coefficient of about 0.93 with an emissivity of about 0.09 is obtained and operation at a temperature of 300°-400° C. is possible depending on the cermet and substrate materials.

Claims

1. A selective black absorber capable of highly absorbing solar energy and only slightly emitting infrared energy comprising:

a composite substrate comprising a plastic layer and a low infrared emissivity film coating deposited thereon and said composite substrate being electrically nonconductive in the direction normal to the layer of said composite substrate,

a cermet film deposited on the film coating of said composite substrate, said cermet film comprising metal particles having diameters much less than the average wavelength of solar energy to be absorbed to cause the particles to behave as Lorentz oscillators in the visible light spectrum and thus be good solar energy absorbers,

said cermet film having a thickness and composition such that it has high solar absorptance and low infrared thermal emissivity as a coating on said substrate having low infrared emissivity.

2. The absorber of claim 1 wherein said plastic layer is flexible.

3. The absorber of claim 1 wherein said substrate coating is a metal film.

4. The absorber of claim 3 wherein

said cermet film is MgO/Au.

5. The absorber of claim 3 wherein

said cermet film is MgO/Pt.

6. The absorber of claim 2 wherein said metal is Cu.

7. The absorber of claim 3 wherein

said metal is aluminum.

8. The absorber of claim 3 where said composite substrate comprises in addition an infrared transparent electrical insulator on said metal coating on which insulator said cermet film is deposited.

9. The absorber of claim 8 wherein said insulator is an oxide.

10. The absorber of claim 8 wherein said oxide is the oxide of the cermet.

11. The absorber of claim 1 wherein said cermet is MgO/Au.

12. The absorber of claim 1 wherein said cermet film is Cr₂ O₃ /Cr.

13. The absorber of claim 12 wherein said substrate coating is a metal.

14. The absorber of claim 12 wherein said Cr₂ O₃ /Cr cermet film has a solar spectrum anti-reflection Cr₂ O₃ oxide film on its surface.

15. The absorber of claim 1 wherein said composite substrate is an infrared transparent insulator on a metallic film on a plastic base.

16. The absorber of claim 15 wherein said transparent insulator is an oxide.

17. The absorber of claim 16 wherein said oxide is the oxide of the cermet.

18. The absorber of claim 1 wherein

said coating is a metallic film of sufficient thickness to provide low infrared emissivity.

19. The absorber of claim 1 wherein

said metallic film is of the order of one μ

m thickness.

20. The absorber of claim 1 wherein

said cermet is substantially 1500 A thick.

21. The absorber of claim 1 wherein

said cermet metal particles are less than 200 A in diameter.

22. The absorber of claim 1 wherein

said cermet is substantially 75 vol. %MgO, 25 vol. % Au,

the thickness of said cermet is substantially 1600 A,

and the diameters of said MgO and Au cermet particles of said MgO/Au cermet are less than 200 A.

23. A selective black absorber capable of highly absorbing solar energy and only slightly emitting infrared energy comprising:

a metallic substrate having low infrared emissivity,

an electrically insulating layer which is transparent to infrared radiation deposited on said metallic substrate to form a metallic substrate-insulating layer composite which is electrically insulating in the direction normal to the substrate,

a cermet film deposited on the electrically insulating layer, said cermet film comprising metal particles having low emissivity in the infrared spectrum and diameters much less than the average wavelength of solar energy to be absorbed to cause the particles to behave as Lorenz oscillators and to be good solar energy absorbers, said cermet film having a thickness and composition such that it has high solar absorptance and low infrared thermal emissivity.

24. The absorber of claim 23 wherein said electrically insulating layer is selected from the group consisting of MgO, Cr₂ O₃, TiO₂, MgF₂, and BeF₂.