Method of and device for reducing speech-reproduction irregularities in packet-switching telecommunication systems

• US 4,317,195 A
• Filed: 03/26/1980
• Issued: 02/23/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CSELT Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni SpA (Telecom Italia S.p.A.)
• Original Assignee: CSELT Centro Studi e Laboratori Telecomunicazioni SpA (Telecom Italia S.p.A.)
• Inventors: Barberis, Giulio, Pazzaglia, Daniele
• Primary Examiner(s): Brigance, Gerald L.
• Application Number:
  US06/134,269
• Time in Patent Office: 699 Days
• Field of Search: 179/1 SC, 370/60, 370/61, 370/92, 370/94, 340/147 R, 340/147 SY, 178/3
• US Class Current: 370/412
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/0632 Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/64 Hybrid switching systems

Abstract

Two mutually independent clocks at a transmitting node and a receiving node of a routing network in a packet-switching telephone system are correlated by a synchronizing device associated with the receiving node whose processor, at the beginning of voice transmission between the two nodes, decodes a label of an incoming packet to determine its time of departure t_s from the transmitting node whereupon a control unit at the receiving node adjusts the local clock in conformity with an estimated reading t_x of the remote clock. This adjustment takes into account only fixed network parameters determining a minimum transit time for the packets by introducing a basic delay T_d. After the correlation, an initial packet of a sequence representing a period of coherent speech --termed talkspurt--is stored for a time sufficient to augment the basic delay T_d by a supplemental time lag T₈₀ between its emission at the transmitting node and its insertion into an outgoing queue of the receiving node, time lag T₈₀ being at least equal to an average random delay d_t actually superimposed upon the basic delay by variable network parameters such as traffic density; this minimizes the incidence of gaps in a talkspurt and major variations of pauses between talkspurts as perceived by a receiving subscriber.

Claims

1. A method of minimizing irregularities in the transmission of speech signals by packets of digitally coded voice samples originating at a first node and arriving at a second node of a routing network in a telecommunication system in which periods of coherent speech are translated into respective sequences of packets labeled with identification codes under the control of a transmission clock at the first node and are arrayed into an outgoing queue at the second node under the control of a reception clock independent of said transmission clock but operating at substantially the same rate, said packets of identical length and being subjected to variable delays in traveling from said first node to said second node,

comprising the steps of:

determining at the second node, from labels carried by incoming packets, the time of departure of each packet from the first node as measured by said transmission clock;

correlating the reading of said reception clock with that of said transmission clock at the beginning of voice communication between said nodes on the basis of said departure time and a minimum transit time established by substantially invariable network parameters;

ascertaining from the departure time of an initial packet of a sequence thereafter arriving as part of said voice communication, and from the reading of the arrival time on the reception clock correlated with the transmission clock, an actual delay undergone by said initial packet;

comparing said actual delay with a minimum overall delay obtained by adding a supplemental time lag to said minimum transit time;

storing said initial packet at the second node for a limited time equal to the difference between said minimum overall delay and said actual delay upon the former exceeding the latter;

releasing the initial packet at the end of said limited time to the output queue of the second node; and

passing each subsequent packet of the same sequence to said output queue immediately upon arrival at the second node.

2. A method as defined in claim 1 wherein the time of departure of each packet of a sequence other than said initial packet is determined by counting the number of packets following the initial packet, multiplying said number by an acquisition period identical for all packets and equal to the time needed for generating each packet at the first node, and adding the resulting product to the time of departure of said initial packet as decoded from a label thereof.

3. A method as defined in claim 1 or 2 wherein the reading of said reception clock is made equal to a minimum time lapse between the departure of the initial packet and the arrival of a subsequent packet of a sequence whenever said time lapse exceeds the reading of said reception clock at the instant of arrival of said subsequent packet.

4. In a telecommunication system wherein speech signals from a talking subscriber connected to a first node, destined for a listening subscriber connected to a second node which is linked with the first node by a routing network, are translated into digitized voice samples forming packets of identical length emitted by the first node under the control of a transmission clock and arrayed at the second node into an outgoing queue under the control of a reception clock independent of said transmission clock but operating at substantially the same rate, with translation of periods of coherent speech into respective sequences of packets labeled with identification codes indicating their order of succession in each sequence,

the combination therewith of circuitry at said second node comprising:

a buffer store for temporarily retaining each incoming packet;

memory means for registering (a) data relating to the time of departure of each packet from the first node as measured by said transmission clock, obtained from information including said identification codes accompanying said packets (b) a minimum transit time established by substantially invariable parameters of said routing network, and (c) a supplemental time lag based upon time-varying parameters of said routing network;

arithmetic means connected to said memory means and to said reception clock for correlating the reading of the latter with that of said transmission clock on the basis of said minimum transit time and of the departure times of packets arriving at said second node at the beginning of voice communication between said nodes, said arithmetic means being operable after the correlation of the readings of said clocks to calculate an actual delay undergone by a packet of said voice communication in said buffer store from the departure time thereof and from the reading of said reception clock at the instant of arrival of the respective packet, and further to subtract said actual delay from a minimum overall delay constituted by the sum of said minimum transit time and said supplemental time lag whenever said minimum overall delay exceeds said actual delay;

recognition means connected to said memory means for detecting an initial packet sequence in said buffer store from the accompanying identification code;

programmed control means connected to said recognition means and to said arithmetic means for commanding, in the presence of an initial packet in said buffer store following correlation of the readings of said clocks, the calculation of said actual delay and, upon said actual delay being less than said minimum overall delay, a readout of the difference thereof; and

gating means under the command of said control means coupled to said buffer store for releasing said initial packet from said buffer store into the output queue of said second node only after an extended storage time equal to said difference unless said actual delay is at least equal to said minimum overall delay, said control means being responsive to said recognition for commanding the immediate release of any packet other than an initial one received in said buffer store.

5. The combination defined in claim 4 wherein said second node includes a processor scanning the labels of incoming packets for feeding to said memory means the departure time of the initial packet of each sequence and a count of each packet of a sequence along with said supplemental time lag, said memory means including a first register containing the count of a packet currently residing in said buffer store, a second register storing an acquisition period identical for all packets and equal to the time needed for generating each packet at said first node, a third register containing said supplemental time lag, a fourth register storing said minimum transit time, and a fifth register holding the departure time of the initial packet for the duration of the corresponding sequence.

6. The combination defined in claim 5 wherein said arithmetic means comprises a multiplier connectable to said first and second registers for calculating a product of said count times said acquisition period and an adder connectable to said multiplier and to said fifth register for summing said product and the departure time of the initial packet to determine the departure time of each subsequent packet in a sequence, said adder being further connectable to said reception clock and to said third and fourth registers for calculating said actual delay and subtracting same from said supplemental time lag to determine said difference, said reception clock resettable by the total of the contents of said fourth and fifth registers and said product read out from said adder upon said total exceeding the reading of said reception clock.

7. The combination defined in claim 5 or 6 wherein said recognition means comprises an ancillary memory connectable to said first register for receiving the count thereof and comparison means with input connections to said first register and to said ancillary memory for detecting a diversity of their contents.

8. The combination defined in claim 7 wherein said comparison means includes a comparator with a fixed reference input for detecting the arrival of a first packet of a voice communication from the disappearance of a negative count fed by said processor into said first register in the absence of such communication.