Cryptosystem

• US 4,322,577 A
• Filed: 08/21/1979
• Issued: 03/30/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 12/21/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Hugo Brandstrom
• Original Assignee: Hugo Brandstrom
• Inventors: Brandstrom, Hugo
• Primary Examiner(s): Birmiel, Howard A.
• Application Number:
  US06/154,403
• Time in Patent Office: 952 Days
• Field of Search: 178/22, 178/22.05, 178/22.06, 178/22.07, 375/2
• US Class Current: 380/37
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/12 Details relating to cryptographic hardware or logic circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0618 Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation

Abstract

Encryption and decryption of information of a message is performed by partitioning a plaintext message into blocks of binary digits and by further partitioning said blocks into subblocks which are interpreted as elements in a Galois-field. A plaintext matrix (M) of said elements is multiplied by a first key matrix (A) of a group over said Galois-field, the resulting product M·A) being multiplied by a second key matrix (B) of the same group over said Galois-field. The final product (B·M·A) thus received constitutes the encrypted message block (K). Decryption is performed by multiplying the transmitted product (B·M·A) by inverse key matrices (A^-1, B^-1) generated by the same keys (a, b) as used for decryption and taken in the proper order. (FIG. 2)

Claims

1. A method for encrypting information characters of a message using encryption keys and for decrypting a message so encrypted, using the same keys, comprising the steps of:

(A) encrypting a plaintext message by the steps of

(a) partitioning the characters of the plaintext message into blocks of binary digits;

(b) partitioning each block into subblocks, the number of subblocks being the square of a natural number, the binary content of each subblock corresponding to an element of a Galois-field, the elements of the Galois-field corresponding to the different elements of a square plaintext matrix having an order equal to the natural number;

(c) generating by means of a first encryption key applied to a first matrix generator a first key matrix belonging to a prescribed matrix group over the Galois-field;

(d) multiplying, in a first matrix multiplier, the plaintext matrix by the first key matrix to form an output;

(e) generating by means of a second encryption key applied to a second matrix generator a second key matrix belonging to the same matrix group as the first key matrix;

(f) multiplying, in a second matrix multiplier, the output of the first matrix multiplier left by the second key matrix to form an output constituting an encrypted plaintext block;

(B) transmitting to a receiver the encrypted plaintext block;

(C) decrypting the received encrypted plaintext block by the steps of

(g) generating by means of the second encryption key applied to a third matrix generator a third key matrix

(h) multiplying the received encrypted plaintext block, in a third matrix multiplier by the third key matrix to form an output;

(i) generating by means of the first encryption key applied to a fourth matrix generator a fourth key matrix;

(j) multiplying the output of the third matrix multiplier in a fourth matrix multiplier by the fourth key matrix to form an output constituting a restored original plaintext matrix; and

(k) decoding the restored original plaintext matrix to provide a restored original plaintext block.

2. A method according to claim 1 further including

repeating encrypting steps (A) using either the same encryption keys or different encryption keys;

and

repeating decrypting steps (C) a number of times corresponding to encrypting steps (A) using corresponding encryption keys.

3. Apparatus for encrypting information characters of a message using encryption keys and decryting a message so encrypted using the same keys comprising:

(A) means for encrypting a plaintext message including

(a) means for partitioning the characters of the plaintext message into blocks of binary digits;

(b) means for partitioning each block into subblocks, the number of subblocks being the square of a natural number and the binary content of each subblock corresponding to an element of a Galois-field, the elements of the Galois-field corresponding to the different elements of a square plaintext matrix having an order equal to the natural number;

(c) means for generating using a first encryption key applied to a first matrix generator, a first key matrix belonging to a prescribed matrix group over the Galois-field;

(d) means for multiplying in a first matrix multiplier the plaintext matrix by the first key matrix to form an output;

(e) means for generating with a second encryption key applied to a second matrix generator, a second key matrix belonging to the same matrix group as the first key matrix;

(f) means for multiplying in a second matrix multiplier, the output of the first matrix multiplier by the second key matrix to form an output constituting an encrypted plaintext block;

(B) means for transmitting the encrypted plaintext block to a receiver;

(C) means for decrypting the received encrypted plaintext block including

(g) means for generating by a second encryption key applied to a third matrix generator, a third key matrix;

(h) means for multiplying the received encrypted plaintext block in a third matrix multiplier from the left by the third key matrix to form an output;

(i) means for generating using the first encryption key applied to a fourth matrix generator, a fourth key matrix;

(j) means for multiplying the output of the third matrix multiplier in a fourth matrix multiplier by the fourth key matrix to form an output constituting a restored original plaintext matrix; and

(k) means for decoding the restored original plaintext matrix to provide a restored original plaintext block.

4. Apparatus for encrypting information characters of a message using encryption keys and for decrypting a message so encrypted, comprising:

(a) means for partitioning the characters of a plaintext message into blocks of binary digits;

(b) means for partitioning the blocks of binary digits into subblocks of binary digits, the number of subblocks being equal to the square of a natural number and the binary content of each subblock corresponding to an element of a Galois-field, the elements of the Galois-field corresponding to the different elements of a square plaintext matrix having an order equal to the natural number;

(c) first and second encryption keys;

(d) a first matrix generator adapted to receive the first encryption key, for generating a first key matrix belonging to a prescribed matrix group over the Galois-field;

(e) a second matrix generator adapted to receive the second encryption key, for generating a second key matrix belonging to the prescribed matrix groups;

(f) a first matrix multiplier for multiplying the plaintext message by the first key matrix to form an output;

(g) a second matrix multiplier for multiplying the output of said first matrix multiplier by the second key matrix to generate an output constituting an encrypted plaintext block;

(h) means for transmitting to a receiver the encrypted plaintext block;

(i) a third matrix generator adapted to receive the second encryption key for generating a third key matrix;

(j) a fourth matrix generator adapted to receive the first encryption key, for generating a fourth key matrix, the third and fourth key matrices being the inverse of the second and first key matrices, respectively;

(k) a third matrix multiplier for multiplying the received encrypted plaintext block by the third key matrix to form an output;

(1) a fourth matrix multiplier for multiplying the output of the third matrix multiplier by the fourth key matrix to form a restored original plaintext matrix;

(m) means for decoding the restored original plaintext matrix to provide a restored original plaintext block.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the encryption keys comprise the outputs of shift registers and wherein the keys have a predetermined length corresponding to all of the stages of their corresponding shift registers being filled and wherein the shift registers are so connected and arranged that their output signals can can correspond to a string of elements in the Galois-field, these elements being supplied to their respective matrix generators for generating key matrices.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5 wherein a shift register and its corresponding matrix generator are combined in a single unit.

7. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein each key matrix is supplied from its corresponding matrix generator to its corresponding matrix multiplier via one of two parallel paths, one such path comprising an inverter, the paths being switch selectable.

8. Apparatus according to claim 4, 5, 6 or 7 wherein the encryption keys, matrix multipliers, and matrix generators and associated connecting circuitry are fabricated as a single integrated circuit or to form part of the circuitry of at least one printed circuit.

9. Apparatus according to claim 6 wherein each shift register is arranged in circuit so as to have feedback and is subdivided into equally sized subshift registers, the outputs of the subshift register being arranged to supply the content of a subshift register in the form of elements of a Galois-field and wherein these elements are supplied to at least one matrix generator, the outputs of which are so arranged that at least two subkey matrices are supplied, the subkey matrices being supplied to a matrix multiplier the output of which provides a key matrix.