Method and apparatus for arraying image sensor modules

• US 4,323,925 A
• Filed: 07/07/1980
• Issued: 04/06/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 07/07/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Area Detector Systems Corporation
• Original Assignee: Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. (Textron Inc)
• Inventors: Howes, Peter D., Abell, Gurdon R., Cook, Francis J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Martin, John C.
• Application Number:
  US06/166,922
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 358/212, 358/213, 358/225, 358/901, 358/55, 358/211, 358/293, 358/209, 250/209, 250/208, 250/578, 250/227, 250/332, 250/211 J, 250/213 R, 250/333, 350/96.24, 350/96.25, 350/169, 357/24, 357/30, 356/71, 313/373, 313/374, 313/376, 313/377, 313/379
• US Class Current: 348/340
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/04 Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/0422 using light concentrators, collectors or condensers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 1/0425 using optical fibers
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 27/14625 Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 25/41 Extracting pixel data from a plurality of image sensors simultaneously picking up an image, e.g. for increasing the field of view by combining the outputs of a plurality of sensors

Abstract

An image sensor, suitable for resolving a high-resolution image, comprises an arrayed plurality of image sensor modules of moderate individual resolution. The high-resolution image is subdivided into contiguous sub-images, each of which is minified before being projected upon an image sensor module. This avoids bars of blindness between the fields of view of the image sensor modules, and also facilitates production and repair of the image sensor.

Claims

1. An electrical-output optical image sensor for a two-dimensional optical image composed of an arrayed plurality of contiguous two-dimensional optical sub-images bearing light energy, said sensor comprising:

an image surface for receiving said two-dimensional optical image and transmitting a portion of the light energy of each said two-dimensional optical sub-image as a corresponding two-dimensional sub-image-bearing flux;

an arrayed plurality of minifying means including two-dimensional minified sub-image surfaces and corresponding in number and arrangement to said plurality of contiguous two-dimensional optical sub-images, said minifying means receiving and transmitting each said two-dimensional sub-image-bearing flux in image-coherent geometrically reduced form as a corresponding two-dimensional minified sub-image-bearing flux incident upon and through a corresponding said two-dimensional minified sub-image surface; and

arrayed flux-sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules, each having a flux-sensitive two-dimensional image-input surface in register with a corresponding two-dimensional minified sub-image surface and receiving a corresponding two-dimensional minified sub-image-bearing flux, and having electrical means for converting said two-dimensional minified sub-image-bearing flux into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals.

2. An electrical-output image sensor according to claim 1 wherein:

said image surface is a light-diffusing surface transmitting a portion of the light energy of each two-dimensional optical sub-image as a two-dimensional sub-image-bearing light flux constituting a corresponding two-dimensional optical object located at said image surface;

said arrayed plurality of minifying means comprises an array of optical lenses imaging each said two-dimensional optical object in image-coherent geometrically reduced form upon and through a corresponding minified sub-image surface; and

said flux-sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules are light-sensitive image sensor modules.

3. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claim 1 wherein:

said arrayed plurality of minifying means comprises optically minifying image-coherent fiber-optic modules, each such module being made from image-coherent fiber-optic bundle material having a larger optical input end and a smaller optical output end, each such module having formed, on said larger end, an optical input surface image-coherently connected by optical fibers of said bundle material to said smaller end to define image-coherently thereon an optical output surface smaller than said optical input surface;

said image surface lies upon the arrayed and contiguous optical input surfaces of an arrayed plurality of optically minifying image-coherent fiber-optic modules, each said optical input surface transmitting a portion of the light energy of a two-dimensional optical sub-image as a corresponding two-dimensional sub-image-bearing light flux;

each said optically minifying image-coherent fiber-optic module has its optical input surface in register with a corresponding one two-dimensional optical sub-image, and has its optical output surface in register with a corresponding minified sub-image surface; and

said flux-sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules are light-sensitive image sensor modules.

4. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claim 1 wherein:

said electrical-output optical image sensor is disposed in a vacuum contained in an evacuated vessel having an optically transparent window through which said optical image enters;

said image surface lies upon a photoemissive surface transmitting a portion of the light energy of each optical sub-image as a corresponding sub-image-bearing flux of photoelectrons;

said arrayed minifying means comprises an array of electrostatic electron-optical lenses focussing and accelerating each said sub-image-bearing flux of photoelectrons in image-coherent geometrically-reduced form as a minified sub-image-bearing accelerated electron flux upon and through a corresponding minified electron sub-image surface;

said flux-sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to accelerated electrons; and

said photoemissive surface, said array of electrostatic electron-optical lenses and said flux sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules are adapted to be provided with electron focussing and accelerating potentials.

5. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claim 1 wherein:

said electrical-output optical image sensor is disposed in a vacuum contained in an evacuated vessel having an optically transparent window through which said optical image enters;

said image surface lies upon a photoemissive surface transmitting a portion of the light energy of each optical sub-image as a corresponding sub-image-bearing flux of photoelectrons;

said arrayed minifying means comprises an array of minifying electron-multiplying image-coherent modules for minifying, accelerating and multiplying each said flux of photoelectrons, each said image-coherent module being made from tapered image-coherent micro-channel-plate electron image multiplier material having a larger input end and a smaller output end, each image-coherent module having formed on its larger end an electron input surface closely adjacent to said photoemissive surface and congruent to and in register with a corresponding optical sub-image and its sub-image-bearing flux of photoelectrons, and each image-coherent module having on its smaller end a corresponding electron output surface bearing a minified sub-image surface emitting a corresponding minified sub-image-bearing flux of accelerated electrons;

said flux-sensitive electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to accelerated electrons; and

said photoemissive surface, said minifying electron-multiplying image-coherent modules and said flux-sensitive image sensor modules are adapted to be provided with electron accelerating potentials.

6. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claim 1 wherein:

each said flux-sensitive image sensor module has, contiguous to said flux-sensitive image-input surface, a non-imaging area adapted to purposes other than receiving said minified sub-image-bearing flux.

7. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claims 2 or 3 wherein:

each said light-sensitive image sensor module is a television camera tube with associated electrical focussing and scanning means; and

said flux-sensitive image-input surface is the scanned portion of the face of said television camera tube.

8. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claims 2 or 3 wherein:

each said light-sensitive image sensor module is a solid-state discrete-element sensor having an array of electrically scannable light-sensitive elements occupying a portion of a substrate; and

said flux-sensitive image-input surface is said portion of said substrate occupied by said array of electrically scannable light-sensitive elements.

9. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to claims 4 or 5 wherein:

each said flux-sensitive image sensor module, sensitive to accelerated electrons, is a solid-state discrete-element sensor having an array of electrically scannable elements, sensitive to accelerated electrons, occupying a portion of a substrate; and

said flux-sensitive image-input surface is said portion of said substrate occupied by said array of electrically scannable elements sensitive to accelerated electrons.

10. An electrical-output optical image sensor according to 3 or 5 wherein:

said input surface, formed upon said larger end, is adjusted in position and angle upon said larger end to be congruent to and in registry with said optical sub-image; and

said output surface, formed upon said smaller end, is adjusted in position and angle upon said smaller end to be congruent to and in registry with said flux-sensitive image-input surface.

11. An optical image sensor for converting a two-dimensional optical image to electric signals, comprising:

means for receiving said two-dimensional optical image in the form of a plurality of contiguous two-dimensional sub-images and transmitting each said two-dimensional sub-image in image-coherent minified form to a two-dimensional minified sub-image surface; and

a plurality of image sensor means for converting a two-dimensional optical image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, each said sensor means having a two-dimensional image input surface for receiving a different one of said two-dimensional sub-images at said two-dimensional minified sub-image surface and converting said two-dimensional sub-image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals.

12. An optical image sensor according to claim 11 wherein:

said means for receiving said optical image comprises a light-scattering surface upon which said optical image is received and further comprises a plurality of optical lenses transmitting each said sub-image.

13. An optical image sensor according to claim 12 wherein:

said contiguous sub-images are defined upon said light-scattering surface by geometrical projection, of said image input surface, through said optical lenses, upon said light-scattering surface.

14. An optical image sensor according to claim 11 wherein:

said means for receiving said optical image comprises optically minifying image-coherent fiber-optic modules, each such module being made from tapered image-coherent fiber-optic bundle material having a larger end and a smaller end;

each such module having formed, on said larger end, an optical input surface coherently connected by optical fibers of said bundle material to said smaller end to define thereon an optical output surface smaller than said optical input surface;

said optical input surfaces are contiguous, and said optical image lies upon said contiguous surfaces which define said contiguous sub-images; and

each said optical output surface is in register with a corresponding minified sub-image surface.

15. An optical image sensor according to claim 11 wherein:

said image sensor means, for converting an optical image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, comprises a solid-state discrete-element sensor.

20. An optical image sensor according to claim 11 or 16 and further comprising:

optical projection means for projecting and focussing an optical object to provide said optical image.

16. An optical image sensor for converting an optical image to electrical signals, comprising:

photoemissive means for converting said optical image to a corresponding image-bearing flux of photoelectrons;

electron-optical means for receiving said image-bearing flux of photoelectrons in the form of contiguous sub-image-bearing fluxes and transmitting each said sub-image-bearing flux in image-coherent minified form to a minified sub-image surface; and

a plurality of image sensor means for converting an image-bearing flux into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, each said sensor means having an image input surface for receiving a different one of said sub-image-bearing fluxes at said minified sub-image surface and converting said sub-image-bearing flux into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals.

17. An optical image sensor according to claim 16 wherein:

said electron-optical means comprises a plurality of electron-optical lenses.

18. An optical image sensor according to claim 16 wherein:

said electron-optical means comprises a plurality of electron-multiplying image-coherent modules made from tapered micro-channel-plate electron image multiplier material.

19. An optical image sensor according to claim 16 wherein:

said image sensor means, for converting an optical image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, comprises a solid-state discrete-element sensor.

21. An electrical-output sensor for a two-dimensional optical image comprising:

an arrayed plurality of image-minifying tapered fiber-optics bundle elements, each having a two-dimensional face formed on one end image-coherently and fiber-optically connected to a smaller two-dimensional sub-image surface on the other end, said element faces being arrayed contiguously to provide an image surface upon which said optical image is received; and

a corresponding plurality of electrical-output optical image sensor modules, each having a light-sensitive two-dimensional image-input surface abutting and in register with said two-dimensional sub-image surface of a corresponding one bundle element.

22. An electrical-output sensor for an optical image according to claim 21 wherein:

said image sensor module is fastened to said bundle element with transparent cement.

23. An electrical-output sensor for an optical image according to claim 21 wherein:

said image sensor module is a solid-state discrete-element electro-optical scanner.

24. A method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules to resolve a high-resolution two-dimensional optical image, said method comprising the steps of:

projecting the high-resolution two-dimensional optical image onto an image surface, said image comprising an arrayed plurality of contiguous two-dimensional optical sub-images bearing light energy;

transmitting a portion of the energy of each said two-dimensional optical sub-image, through said image surface, as a corresponding two-dimensional sub-image-bearing flux;

providing from each said two-dimensional sub-image-bearing flux, image-coherent geometrically minified two-dimensional subimage-bearing flux; and

applying each said minified two-dimensional sub-image-bearing flux to an electrical-output image sensor module.

25. A method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules according to claim 24 wherein:

said image surface lies upon a light-diffusing surface;

said sub-image-bearing flux comprises photons;

said providing, of said image-coherent geometrically minified sub-image-bearing flux, is accomplished by projecting said sub-image-bearing flux through minifying optical lens means; and

said electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to photons.

26. A method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules according to claim 24 wherein:

said image surface lies upon contiguous optical input surfaces of optically minifying image-coherent fiber optic modules, each said module having an optical input surface;

said sub-image-bearing flux comprises photons;

said providing, of said image-coherent geometrically minified sub-image-bearing flux, is accomplished by applying said sub-image-bearing flux to said optical input surface and transmitting said flux through said minifying fiber-optic module; and

said electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to photons.

27. The method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules according to claim 24 wherein:

said image surface lies upon a photoemissive surface disposed in a vacuum;

said sub-image-bearing flux comprises photoelectrons;

said providing, of said image-coherent geometrically minified sub-image-bearing flux, is accomplished by projecting and accelerating said photoelectrons through minifying electron-optical lens means disposed in said vacuum; and

said electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to accelerated photoelectrons.

28. A method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules according to claim 24 wherein:

said image surface lies upon a photoemissive surface disposed in a vacuum;

said sub-image-bearing flux comprises photoelectrons;

said providing, of said image-coherent minified sub-image-bearing flux, is accomplished by transmitting and accelerating said photoelectrons through minifying tapered micro-channel-plate means disposed in said vacuum; and

said electrical-output image sensor modules are sensitive to accelerated photoelectrons.

29. A method for combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules to resolve a high-resolution two-dimensional optical image, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving said two-dimensional optical image in the form of a plurality of contiguous two-dimensional sub-images and transmitting each said two-dimensional sub-image in image-coherent minified form to a minified two-dimensional sub-image surface; and

providing a plurality of image sensor means for converting an optical image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, each said sensor means having a two-dimensional image input surface for receiving a different one of said two-dimensional sub-images at said minified two-dimensional sub-image surface and converting said two-dimensional sub-image into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals.

30. A method of combining the optical imaging resolution of a plurality of electrical-output image sensor modules to resolve a high-resolution optical image, said method comprising the steps of:

converting said optical image to a corresponding image-bearing flux of photoelectrons;

receiving said image-bearing flux of photoelectrons in the form of contiguous sub-image-bearing fluxes and transmitting each said sub-image-bearing flux in image-coherent minified form to a minified sub-image surface; and

providing a plurality of image sensor means for converting an image-bearing flux into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals, each said sensor means having an image input surface for receiving a different one of said sub-image-bearing fluxes at said minified sub-image surface and converting said sub-image-bearing flux into a corresponding pattern of electrical signals.