Bistatic imaging radar processing for independent transmitter and receiver flightpaths

• US 4,325,065 A
• Filed: 08/09/1979
• Issued: 04/13/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 08/09/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Eaton Corp. (Wisconsin) (Eaton Corporation PLC.)
• Original Assignee: Eaton Corp. (Wisconsin) (Eaton Corporation PLC.)
• Inventors: Caputi, William J. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tubbesing, T. H.
• Application Number:
  US06/065,213
• Time in Patent Office: 978 Days
• Field of Search: 343/5 CM
• US Class Current: 342/25.00F
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9005 with optical processing of the SAR signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9052 Spotlight mode
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9058 Bistatic or multistatic SAR
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/406 using internally generated reference signals, e.g. via delay line, via RF or IF signal injection or via integrated reference reflector or transponder

Abstract

A process for correcting data from a bistatic synthetic aperture radar to eliminate distortions and resolution limitations due to the relative positions and motions of the radar transmitter and receiver with respect to a target.

Claims

1. Apparatus for correcting data from a bistatic synthetic aperture radar, of the type employing Stretch and Spotlight techniques to eliminate distortions due to the relative positions and motions of the radar transmitter and receiver with respect to a target, said apparatus accepting signals representing the bistatic angle, the receiver angle, the transmitter start frequency divided by the slope of the transmitted FM signal, the radar trigger and the received radar video, comprising:

(a) a divider means, having an input port and an output port, said divider means accepting at its input port the signal representing the bistatic angle, and producing at its output port a signal representing one-half the bistatic angle,

(b) an adder means having two input ports and an output port, said adder means accepting at one input port, the receiver angle and at its other input port the signal representing one-half the bistatic angle from said divider means, and producing at its output a signal representing one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle,

(c) a cosine function generator means having an input port and an output port, said cosine function generator means accepting at its input port the signal representing one-half the bistatic angle from said divider means and producing at its output port a signal representing the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle,

(d) a scan starting point product generator means with two input ports and one output port for accepting at the first input port the signal representing the transmitter start frequency divided by the slope of the transmitted FM signal and at the second input port the cosine of half of the bistatic angle for producing at the output port a signal representing the product of the two input signals,

(e) a scan signal generator means with three input ports and one output port for accepting at its input ports signals representing said product, the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle and the radar trigger to produce at its output a scan sweep signal where the scan is initiated at a starting point which is at a distance away from the origin that is proportional to said product, the scan is compressed by an amount proportional to the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle and the scan is initiated from the starting point in synchronism with the radar trigger,

(f) a direction control means having two input ports and an output port for accepting at its input ports a signal representing one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle from the adder means and the output signal of the scan signal generator means to produce an output control signal which sets the scan direction at an angle equal to one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle from an arbitrary reference angle, and

(g) a scan projector means having two input ports and an output port, said scan projector accepting at its input ports the output signals of the direction control generator means and the video signal of the radar receiver to project a scan at an angle which is equal to one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle from an arbitrary angular reference, beginning at a starting point a distance from the origin proportional to the starting frequency of the transmitter divided by the slope of the transmitted FM signal, said scan being compressed proportional to the cosine of the bistatic angle after initiation.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said scan projector means is a cathode-ray tube and said projector means comprises means to position a photographic film to receive a light beam projected from the cathode-ray tube to expose the film with said light beam, said directional control signal being applied to said cathode-ray tube to scan the light beam across said film, and said video signal from the radar receiver being applied to said cathode-ray tube to modulate the intensity of the cathode-ray tube light beam to convert the video data to a varying intensity light beam for recording said data on the film along a scan line.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said projector means further comprises means for varying the position of said film, said means for varying the position of said film accepting the output signal of the directional control means to cause each scan line to be recorded at an angle equal to one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle from an arbitrary reference angle.

4. Apparatus for correcting data from a bistatic synthetic aperture radar, of the type employing Stretch and Spotlight techniques, to eliminate distortions due to the relative positions and motions of the radar transmitter and receiver with respect to the target and accepting signals in digital form representing the bistatic angle, the receiver angle, the transmitter start frequency divided by the slope of the transmitted FM signal, the radar trigger clock, the received radar video and readout initiation, comprising:

(a) divider means with an input port and an output port for accepting at the input port the signal representing the bistatic angle and providing at the output port a signal representiing one-half the bistatic angle,

(b) an adder means having two input ports and an output port, said adder means accepting at one input port, the receiver angle and at its other input port the signal representing one-half the bistatic angle from said divider means, and producing at its output a signal representing one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle,

(c) cosine function generator means with an input port and an output port for accepting at the input port the signal representing one-half the bistatic angle from said divider means and producing at the output port a signal representing the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle,

(d) multiplier means with two input ports and an output port for accepting at one input port the signal representing the transmitter start frequency divided by the slope of the transmitted FM signal and accepting at the second input port the signal representing the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle from said cosine function generator means to provide at its output port a product signal representing the product of the two signals accepted at the input ports of said multiplier means,

(e) internal clock generator means with two input and one output ports, said clock means accepting at its input port the signal representing the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle from said cosine function generator means and the radar clock and producing at its output port a clock signal with a rate equal to the radar input clock multiplied by the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle,

(f) radius address generator means with three input ports and an output port for accepting at one input port the product signal from said multiplier, and accepting at the second input port a signal representing the radar trigger clock, while accepting at the third input port the signal from said internal clock means, to produce a read-in signal representing assigned addresses along a radius starting at a point from the origin of the radius which is proportional to the value of said product, and increasing in accordance with the internal clock, said addresses being compressed during read-out along the radius after starting at the origin by an amount proportional to the value of the cosine of one-half the bistatic angle, which value is provided by said internal clock means,

(g) angle address generator means, with an input port and an output port, for accepting at the input port the signal representing one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle from the adder means to produce an angular address equal to one-half the bistatic angle plus the receiver angle,

(h) a short term memory means with two input ports and one output port, for accepting the radar video signal and the radius address, to provide at its output, the radar video signal with assigned addresses along the radius,

(i) an X-Y address generator, with an input port and an output port, said input port accepting an initiation signal to provide at the output port a series of X-Y addresses in rectangular coordinates, and

(j) a long term memory with five input ports and one output port for accepting the radar video with the assigned radius addresses from the short term memory means at one input port, the angle address signal from the angle address generator means at the second input port, the radius address at the fourth input port, and the X and Y coordinate addresses from the X-Y generator means at the fourth and fifth input ports to store radar video at the assigned radii, with an angle address in accordance with the output signal angle of the angle address generator and to subsequently provide on read-out the radar video in X-Y coordinates in accordance with the signal from the X-Y generator.