Method and apparatus for transport refrigeration system control

• US 4,325,224 A
• Filed: 04/29/1980
• Issued: 04/20/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 04/29/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Thermo King Corporation (Trane Technologies plc)
• Original Assignee: Thermo King Corporation (Trane Technologies plc)
• Inventors: Howland, Leland L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Makay, Albert J.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tanner, Harry B.
• Application Number:
  US06/145,190
• Time in Patent Office: 721 Days
• Field of Search: 62/228, 62/229, 62/158, 62/228 B, 62/228 C, 62/196 R, 62/196 A, 236/1 EA, 236/1 E, 165/26
• US Class Current: 62/196.2
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 1/3211 for increasing the efficiency of a vehicle refrigeration cycle
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 2001/00961 comprising means for defrosting outside heat exchangers
• CPC Class Codes: B60H 2001/3272 to control the revolving speed of a compressor
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 13/00 Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle defrosting cycles F25B47/02
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/05 Compression system with heat exchange between particular parts of the system
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2400/16 Receivers
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/0252 with two speeds
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/0262 internal to the compressor
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2600/23 Time delays
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 27/00 Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy F25B30/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 2700/2104 of an indoor room or compartment
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 47/022 hot gas defrosting
• CPC Class Codes: F25B 49/02 for compression type machines, plants or systems
• CPC Class Codes: F25D 29/003 for movable devices
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/1912 whose output amplitude can take more than two discrete values
• CPC Class Codes: G05D 23/20 with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature G05D23/13 takes precedence

Abstract

A transport refrigeration system having the capability of either heating or cooling at high or low speed and with the compressor loaded or unloaded is controlled by a temperature control system including a heat relay 1K and a speed relay 2K, and has an auxiliary control relay CR which is operative to maintain the compressor speed at a low speed in the temperature band 48 closely above and below the setpoint temperature, and will further maintain the low speed of the compressor for a predetermined time as the temperature rises above or below the narrow temperature band through time delay means 46 which, if uninterrupted in operation for the predetermined time period will drop out the control relay so the system can resume higher speed operation.

Claims

1. In a transport refrigeration system of the type having the capabilities of at least heating and cooling operations, and dual compressor speed operation, and having first relay means including switch means controlling heating and cooling operations, and second relay means including switch means controlling compressor speed operation, said first and second relay means being responsive to temperatures in the served space for controlling said system normally in at least four stages of operation in accordance with the differences in temperature of the served space from the setpoint temperature, two of said stages of operation including low speed compressor operation in the temperature band encompassing temperatures closely above and below said setpoint temperature, the improvement comprising:

auxiliary control relay means including switch means;

time delay means connected to control operation of said auxiliary control relay, said time delay means being connected to be controlled in a timed operation in accordance with the condition of said second relay following said first relay means having first operated to a heating condition position;

said auxiliary control relay being operative to maintain said compressor speed at a lower level until said time delay means operates to change the condition of said auxiliary control relay to thereby change said compressor speed to the higher level in accordance with said second relay calling uninterruptedly for a predetermined time period for compressor speed at a higher level.

2. In a system according to claim 1 including:

a circuit for said compressor speed control including speed control means providing high speed in an energized condition and low speed in a deenergized condition and, in series therewith, a switch of said auxiliary control relay means, and a switch of said second relay switch means.

3. In a system according to claim 2 wherein:

said speed control means comprises a solenoid.

4. In a system according to claim 2 including:

a second circuit including, in series, a second switch of said auxiliary control relay switch means, said auxiliary control, and said time delay means, said second switch being operated to and maintaining a closed position upon and in accordance with energization of said auxiliary control relay, said time delay means normally completing said second circuit to said auxiliary control relay for at least said predetermined time.

5. In a system according to claim 4 wherein:

said timing function of said time delay means is initiated upon closure of said switch means of said second relay in said speed control circuit.

6. In a system according to claim 4 wherein said system includes the additional capability of high and low capacity compressor operation in accordance with energization and deenergization of unloading means, and said system includes:

a load control circuit including, in series, said unloading means, a third switch of said auxiliary control relay switch means, and a second switch of said second relay means, said switches in said load control circuit having opposite normally closed and open position so that loaded operation of either cool or heat at the lower speed of the compressor is permitted for a period up to said predetermined time period expiration.

7. In a system according to claim 1 wherein:

said system includes defrost means;

means connecting said time delay means to receive a signal upon initiation of defrost;

said time delay means operating to a condition upon receipt of said signal to deenergize said auxiliary control relay means irrespective of the condition of said first and second relays and said predetermined time so that said system will operate in a condition of high speed heat.

12. In a system according to claim 1 wherein said system includes the additional capability of high and low capacity compressor operation in accordance with energization and deenergization of unloading means, and said system includes:

a load control circuit including switches controlled by said auxiliary control relay and said second relay operative to positions to place said load control circuit in a first condition for unloaded compressor operation in response to said served space temperature having dropped to below said setpoint temperature and remaining in said temperature band, and to place said load control circuit in a second and opposite condition for loaded compressor operation in response to served temperatures falling below or rising above said temperature band so that said system has the capability of providing six distinct stages of operation.

8. In a transport refrigeration system of the type having the capabilities of at least heating and cooling operations, dual compressor speed operation, and different compressor loading operation, and having first relay means including switch means controlling heating and cooling operations, and second relay means including switch means controlling compressor speed operation, said first and second relay means being responsive to temperatures in the served space for controlling said system normally in at least four stages of operation in accordance with the differences in temperature of the served space from the setpoint temperature, two of said stages of operation including low speed compressor operation in a temperature band encompassing temperatures closely above and below said setpoint temperature, the improvement comprising:

a speed control circuit including solenoid means having a high and low speed condition in accordance with energization and deenergization, respectively, of said solenoid;

an auxiliary control circuit including time delay means and an auxiliary control relay in series;

a loading circuit including a loading solenoid having a loaded and less loaded condition in accordance with deenergization and energization, respectively, of said loading circuit;

a pilot control circuit including solenoid means for providing a cooling and heating operation in accordance with deenergization and energization, respectively, of said solenoid;

a first normally open switch of said control relay in said auxiliary control circuit;

a second normally closed switch of said auxiliary control relay, and a third normally open switch of said second relay in series with said speed solenoid in said speed circuit;

a third normally open switch of said auxiliary control relay, and a first normally closed switch of said second relay in series with said loading solenoid in said loading circuit;

a second normally open switch of said first relay in series with said pilot solenoid in said pilot circuit;

a third normally open switch of said first relay in an initiate circuit connected between said third switch of said auxiliary control relay and said first switch of said second relay in said loading circuit and said time delay means;

said time delay means being connected to control operation of said auxiliary control relay, said time delay means being connected to be controlled in a timed operation in accordance with the switch means of said second relay;

said time delay means being initially energized to thereby provide energization of said control relay through said normally closed first switch of said second relay and said third switch of said first relay, continued energization of said time delay means and control relay being afforded by closure of said first switch of said control relay;

a time delay initiation circuit including said third switch of said second relay and a line connected to said time delay means so that initiation of a time period occurs with said time delay means energized upon closure of said third switch of said second relays;

said compressor operating at said lower speed with said speed solenoid deenergized through the open position of said second switch of said control relay until a predetermined time period expires with said third switch of said second relay remaining closed uninterruptedly.

9. In a system according to claim 8 wherein:

said closed position of said third switch of said control relay and said normally closed position of said first switch of said second relay in said loading circuit maintain energization of said loading solenoid during operation in said temperature band, and opening of said first switch of said second relay upon a change in served space temperature to outside said band results in deenergization of said loading solenoid and higher loading of said compressor.

10. In a method of controlling a transport refrigeration system of the type having at least heating and cooling capability and dual compressor speed capability and having at least four stages of operation produced in accordance with temperatures in the served space varying more or less and above and below the setpoint temperature of the served space, the improved steps of:

operating said compressor at the lower speed when the temperatures in said served space are in a relatively close range both above and below the setpoint temperature, and said served space temperature has dropped to below said setpoint temperature;

overriding a call for operation of the compressor at the higher speed as sensed temperatures in the served space move either above or below said relatively close range until at least a predetermined period of time elapses with an uninterrupted call for high speed operation existing; and

then

operating said compressor at said higher speed.

11. In the method of claim 10, wherein the system also includes a capability of unloading said compressor, the additional steps of:

operating said compressor in at least partly unloaded condition in response to said served space temperature being in said relatively close range of temperature and said served space temperature having dropped to below said setpoint temperature;

and

shifting said compressor operation to a more fully loaded condition as the temperature in said served space moves either above or below said relatively close range while maintaining said lower speed of said compressor through said overriding operation as specified in claim 10.