Acoustical detection and tracking system

• US 4,333,170 A
• Filed: 11/21/1977
• Issued: 06/01/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 11/21/1977
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Northrop Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Northrop Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Armstrong, Paul R., Mathews, Lemuel P., Lohman, Charles A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Farley, Richard A.
• Application Number:
  US05/853,207
• Time in Patent Office: 1,653 Days
• Field of Search: 340/6 R, 340/16 R, 340/16 P, 367/125, 367/127, 367/122
• US Class Current: 367/125
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/8006 Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/808 using transducers spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems

Abstract

A plurality of acoustical transducers such as microphones are placed in appropriate array so that they are capable of detecting sonic energy emanating from an acoustical source such as an aircraft or a ground vehicle. The outputs of the transducers are sequentially sampled and multiplexed together, the time multiplexed signals then being converted from analog to digital form in an analog/digital converter. The output of the analog/digital converter is fed to a fast Fourier transformer (FFT), which transforms these signals to Fourier transform coefficients represented as real and imaginary (cosine and sine) components. The output of the fast Fourier transformer is fed to a digital processor. In this processor, the power and phase of each frequency bin for each microphone output is determined and the phase differences between signals received by pairs of microphones for each frequency bin of interest are determined. Each of these phase difference signals is divided by the frequency of their associated bin to provide a "phase difference slope" for each frequency bin and for each microphone pair. Signals received by any pair of microphones from the same target (regardless of frequency) have a common phase difference slope. The processor groups all common phase difference slopes together, these individual phase difference slopes each identifying a separate target. The phase difference slopes for each target are used to compute the direction of that target. By using two pairs of microphones in a mutually orthogonal array, target direction in both azimuth and elevation can be computed.

Claims

1. An acoustical detection system for detecting targets which generate acoustical signals comprising:

at least one pair of acoustical transducer means for receiving acoustical signals from said targets and transducing said acoustical signals to electrical signals having a plurality of frequency bins, said transducer means being spaced from each other,

means for converting said electrical signals from analog signals to digital signals,

means for processing said digital signals to generate phase difference signals in accordance with the phase differences between each of the frequency bins of the signals received by said pair of transducer means,

means for dividing each of said phase difference signals by a signal in accordance with the frequency of the frequency bin associated therewith to generate phase difference slope signals for each of said frequency bins,

means for grouping together signals representing common phase difference slopes, the signals in each such grouping representing signals emanating from a common target, and

means for processing each of the groupings of signals to determine the direction and identity of each of the targets.

2. The detection system of claim 1 wherein the transducer means are microphones.

3. The detection system of claim 1 wherein there are two pairs of said transducer means, one of said pairs being oriented in a substantially horizontal plane for use in determining target azimuth, the other of said pairs being oriented in a substantially vertical plane for use in determining target elevation.

4. The detection system of claim 3 wherein said processing means operates to generate phase difference signals for each of the frequency bins for the signals received by each of said pairs of transducer means.

5. The detection system of claim 1 wherein said means for converting said electrical signals to digital signals comprises sampling means for sequentially sampling said analog signals, means for time multiplexing the signals sampled from each of the transducer means and means for converting the multiplexed signals to binary digital form.

6. The detection system of claim 1 wherein said means for processing the digital signals to generate phase difference signals includes fast Fourier transformer means for converting said digital signals to real and imaginary Fourier coefficients.

7. The detection system of claim 1 and further including filter means for filtering out high and low frequency components from the outputs of said transducer means.

8. The detection system of claim 1 and further including means for converting the outputs of said transducer means to unipolar form.

9. The detection system of claim 1 and further including means for Hamming function weighting the outputs of said transducer means.

10. The detection system of claim 1 wherein is further included means for eliminating signals having power levels above a first predetermined level and below a second predetermined level.

11. A method for detecting targets which generate acoustical signals comprising the steps of:

receiving said acoustical signals with a pair of microphones spaced a predetermined distance from each other,

from the outputs of said microphones, computing signals in accordance with the phase for each frequency bin of the signals received by said microphones,

computing the phase differences between the signals in accordance with phase from the pair of microphones for each frequency bin,

dividing each of said computed phase differences by a signal in accordance with the frequency of the associated frequency bin to provide phase difference slope signals,

grouping together phase difference slope signals having common values, whereby each of the grouped signals represents signals emanating from a common target, and

processing each of the grouped signals to compute target direction from the value of the phase difference slope and target identity from the frequency composition of the grouped signals.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the acoustical signals are received by first and second pairs of microphones, said first pair being spaced from each other and oriented in a substantially horizontal plane, said second pair being spaced from each other and oriented in a substantially vertical plane.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the outputs of the microphones are converted to binary digital signals and the binary digital signals fast Fourier transformed to Fourier real and imaginary coefficients prior to the computation of the signals in accordance with phase for each frequency bin.