Peritoneal artificial kidney

• US 4,338,190 A
• Filed: 02/08/1977
• Issued: 07/06/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: A T Ramot Plastics Limited
• Original Assignee: A T Ramot Plastics Limited
• Inventors: Kraus, Menahem A., Frommer, Moshe A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Spear, Jr., Frank A.
• Application Number:
  US05/766,581
• Time in Patent Office: 1,974 Days
• Field of Search: 210/259, 210/321 R, 210/321 B, 210/195.2, 128/214 R, 128/213 A
• US Class Current: 210/195.2
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1656 Apparatus for preparing dialysates
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/28 Peritoneal dialysis ; Other peritoneal treatment, e.g. oxygenation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/281 Instillation other than by gravity
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/284 Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis [CFPD]

Abstract

An artificial kidney comprises means for introducing a prepared solution into the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites therefrom into the fluid, the fluid exiting from the cavity as peritoneal fluid; and a dialysis or ultrafilter separator containing a selective membrane having a high permeability to low molecular weight toxic metabolites but a low permeability to high molecular weight protein. The peritoneal fluid is circulated through the separator on one side of the selective membrane in the above-described closed-loop peritoneal circuit, the fluid exiting from that side of the membrane being returned to the peritoneal cavity. The artificial kidney further includes a single-pass reconstitution circuit wherein tap water is introduced into the inlet of a hyperfilter impermeable to ions and to organic matter; and a concentrate including sugar and salts is introduced into the water exiting from the permeate outlet of the hyperfilter to form a water concentrate solution. The resulting water-concentrate solution is utilized for maintaining substantially constant the original concentration of sugar and salt in the peritoneal fluid as the waste metabolites, passing through the separator, are removed from the peritoneal fluid.

Claims

1. An artificial kidney including a peritoneal dialysis system which prevents protein loss, permits the peritoneal fluid to be circulated through the peritoneal cavity at a high circulation rate, and obviates the need for heat sterilization, comprising:

a closed-loop peritoneal circuit including means for introducing a prepared solution into the peritoneal cavity to draw toxic metabolites therefrom into the fluid, the fluid exiting from the cavity as peritoneal fluid, a separator containing a selective membrane having a high permeability to low molecular weight toxic metabolites but a low permeability to high molecular weight protein, and means for circulating the peritoneal fluid through the separator on one side of the selective membrane, the fluid exiting from that side of the membrane being returned to the peritoneal cavity; and

a single-pass reconstitution circuit including a hyperfilter impermeable to ions and to organic matter, and having an inlet, a permeate outlet, and a residue outlet, means for introducing tap water into the inlet of the hyperfilter, means for introducing a concentrate including sugar and salts into the water exiting from the permeate outlet of the hyperfilter to form a water concentrate solution, and means for utilizing the resulting water-concentrate solution for maintaining substantially constant the original concentration of sugar and salt in the peritoneal fluid as the waste metabolites, passing through said separator, are moved from the peritoneal fluid, said separator being a dialyser, and said last-named means introducing said water-concentrate solution into the dialyser on the other side of the selective membrane.

2. An artificial kidney according to claim 1, wherein said separator is an ultrafilter, and wherein the last-named means introduces said water-concentrate solution into the fluid being returned to the peritoneal cavity.