Hydrogen ion-producing cell and technique for controlling the pH of battery electrolytes

• US 4,343,868 A
• Filed: 12/31/1980
• Issued: 08/10/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 12/31/1980
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Electric Power Research Institute Incorporated
• Inventors: Putt, Ronald A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Walton, Donald L.
• Application Number:
  US06/221,932
• Time in Patent Office: 587 Days
• Field of Search: 429/17, 429/19, 429/50, 429/51, 429/101, 429/105, 429/21, 429/13, 429/22, 429/106, 429/107, 429/61, 429/63
• US Class Current: 429/402
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/365 Zinc-halogen accumulators
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/4214 Arrangements for moving electrodes or electrolyte

Abstract

The metal-halogen battery disclosed herein, specifically zinc-bromine, is one in which hydrogen ions are lost from its electrolyte solution during operation, thereby resulting in an undesirable increase in the pH of this solution. However, an arrangement is disclosed herein for replacing the lost hydrogen ions and thereby maintaining the pH of its electrolyte solution at a desirable level. In a preferred embodiment, this arrangement comprises an electrolysis cell which serves to oxidize water for producing the needed hydrogen ions.

Claims

1. In a battery assembly of the type including a battery in which hydrogen ions are present in and lost from its electrolyte solution during operation, an arrangement for replacing at least some of said lost ions, said arrangement comprising means for providing a supply of hydrogen ions independent of those present in or lost from said solution, and means for introducing hydrogen ions from said supply into said electrolyte solution, said supply means including electrolysis cell means for decomposing water so as to contain a supply of hydrogen gas outside said battery, said gas serving to provide said hydrogen ions, said electrolysis cell means including its own housing having an internal chamber, means for providing a continuously flowing supply of water through said chamber and means for oxidizing said water in said chamber whereby to form said supply of hydrogen ions and oxygen gas, and wherein said means for introducing hydrogen ions includes means cooperating with said battery for directing at least a portion of the electrolyte solution in the latter through the chamber of said cell means and thereafter back into said battery whereby to add the hydrogen in said chamber to said solution.

2. An arrangement according to claim 1 wherein said electrolysis cell means includes a cation-exchange membrane impervious to said oxygen but not hydrogen ions for separating said chamber into a positive chamber side for receiving said supply of water and a negative chamber side for receiving said electrolyte solution and positive and negative electrodes respectively located therein, said positive electrode serving to oxidize said water and said negative electrode serving to draw the hydrogen ions in said positive chamber side through said membrane and into said negative chamber side, said cell means including means cooperating with said positive chamber side for venting the oxygen produced therein to the ambient surroundings.

3. An arrangement according to claim 1 wherein said battery is a zinc-bromine battery in which its electrolyte solution contains bromine and wherein said hydrogen ion introducing means includes means for combining the introduced hydrogen ions with available bromine in said solution to form hydrogen bromide therein.

4. A battery assembly comprising:

a metal-halogen battery including an overall housing having positive and negative inner chambers and electrodes fixedly supported therein, means for providing a continuous flow of positive aqueous electrolyte containing a halogen along a positive electrolyte path through said positive inner chamber and means for providing a continuous flow of negative aqueous electrolyte containing a halogen along a negative electrolyte path through said negative inner chamber, during which and as a result thereof hydrogen gas is produced within said negative chamber and at least in part lost to the ambient surroundings; and

an arrangement for replacing at least some of said lost ions, said arrangement including an electrolysis cell separate from and located outside said metal-halogen battery, said cell including its own housing having a positive internal chamber section and electrode fixedly disposed therein and a negative internal chamber section and electrode fixedly disposed therein, a cation-exchange membrane impervious to water and oxygen but not hydrogen ions separating said chamber sections from one another, and means for providing a continuously flowing supply of water through said positive chamber section so as to cause the latter to be oxidized therein by said positive electrode to form hydrogen ions and oxygen gas, said hydrogen ions being attracted to the negative electrode in said negative chamber section, thereby causing said ions to migrate through said membrane to said negative chamber section, said arrangement also including means cooperating with said metal-halogen battery for diverting a portion of said flow of negative electrolyte from said positive electrolyte path through the negative chamber section of said cell for collecting hydrogen ions therein and back into said last-mentioned path.

5. An assembly according to claim 4 wherein said halogen is bromine and wherein said collected hydrogen ions combine with bromine in said negative electrolyte as hydrogen bromide.

6. In a battery assembly of the type including a battery in which hydrogen ions are present in and lost from its electrolyte solution during operation, a method for replacing at least some of said lost ions, said method comprising the steps of providing a supply of hydrogen ions independent of those present in or lost from said solution by electrochemically decomposing water in a cell separate from said battery to produce hydrogen gas, and introducing hydrogen ions in the form of said hydrogen gas from said supply into said electrolyte solution.

7. A method according to claim 6 wherein said hydrogen ions in the form of said hydrogen gas are introduced into said electrolyte solution by passing at least a portion of the electrolyte solution through a means which is separate from said battery and which contains said supply.

8. A method according to claim 7 wherein said battery is a metal-halogen battery.