Apparatus for reducing electrolyte loss from an electrochemical cell

• US 4,345,008 A
• Filed: 12/24/1980
• Issued: 08/17/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: United Technologies Corporation (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Breault, Richard D.
• Primary Examiner(s): LeFevour, Charles F.
• Application Number:
  US06/219,609
• Time in Patent Office: 601 Days
• Field of Search: 429/26, 429/27, 429/29, 429/34, 429/72, 429/120, 429/46, 429/40, 429/41
• US Class Current: 429/434
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0267 having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04119 with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04283 Supply means of electrolyte to or in matrix-fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2457 with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2459 Comprising electrode layers with interposed electrolyte compartment with possible electrolyte supply or circulation
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2484 characterised by external manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

In an electrochemical cell wherein during operation electrolyte evaporates into a reactant gas stream, the evaporated electrolyte, before it leaves the cell as a vapor in the reactant gas exhaust stream, is condensed from the gas stream by reducing the temperature of the reactant gas stream just before it exits the cell. The condensed electrolyte is taken up by the cell electrode and redistributed throughout the cell by diffusion and capillary action.

Claims

1. An electrochemical cell stack comprising a plurality of cells stacked one on top of the other with gas impervious separator plate means disposed between adjacent cells, each cell comprising a pair of electrodes spaced apart and means for holding a phosphoric acid electrolyte therebetween, wherein the electrolyte evaporates into a reactant gas stream during operation, a first of said electrodes of each cell being made from a first material and being a gas diffusion type porous electrode having a catalyst disposed on a first surface thereof facing said electrolyte holding means and in contact with said electrolyte holding means defining an active zone of said cell, each cell including means for carrying a first reactant gas into operable relationship with said catalyst, and each cell having first reactant gas outlet means on a first side of said stack, said catalyst terminating short of said outlet means, an electrochemically inactive condensation zone being defined within each of said cells between said catalyst and said outlet means, each cell including means for carrying a reactant gas through said active zone and from said active zone into said condensation zone of said cell, the distance between said catalyst and said outlet means being sufficient to effect condensation of electrolyte vapor from the reactant gas as it passes through said condensation zone, said first electrode being constructed and arranged to redistribute the condensed out electrolyte through the active zone of said cell by diffusion or bulk flow within said electrode.

2. The stack according to claim 1 including a cooler assembly disposed between a pair of consecutive cells, said assembly including means for carrying a coolant fluid through said stack, wherein said coolant fluid carrying means is constructed and arranged to carry a greater flow of fluid into heat exchange relationship with said condensation zones of said cells as compared to said active zones of said cells to cool said condensation zones to a greater extent than said active zones.

3. The stack according to claims 1 or 2 wherein said first reactant gas carrying means are channels defined by and between said first electrode of each cell and said separator plate means adjacent thereto, each of said channels having an inlet and outlet, said inlet being located on a second side of said stack opposite said first side, said channels extending across said stack to said outlets at said condensation zone, said first electrode material being disposed in said condensation zone between said channel outlet and said gas outlet means such that said reactant gas must pass through said electrode material to exit said cell.

4. The stack according to claim 3 wherein said electrode material disposed in said condensation zone and through which said reactant gas must pass has larger pores than said electrode material in said active zone.