High incidence angle retroreflective material

• US 4,349,598 A
• Filed: 12/01/1976
• Issued: 09/14/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 12/01/1976
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: 3M Company
• Original Assignee: 3M Company
• Inventors: White, Michael L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Silverman, Stanley S.
• Application Number:
  US05/746,281
• Time in Patent Office: 2,113 Days
• Field of Search: 428/156, 428/161, 428/166, 428/172, 428/178, 428/188, 428/913, 428/332, 428/337, 350/102, 350/103, 350/109, 350/288, 350/292, 350/105, 350/97, 350/286, 404/93, 404/94, 404/12, 404/13, 404/14, 404/9, 404/97, 264/1
• US Class Current: 428/161
• CPC Class Codes: E01F 9/524 Reflecting elements specially adapted for incorporation in or application to road surface markings
• CPC Class Codes: E01F 9/578 consisting of preformed elements, e.g. tapes, block-type elements specially designed or arranged to make up a traffic line E01F9/582, E01F9/588, E01F9/594 take precedence; studs, blocks or like markers per se E01F9/553
• CPC Class Codes: E01F 9/669 for fastening to safety barriers or the like
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 5/124 plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 428/913 Material designed to be responsive to temperature, light, moisture
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24521 with component conforming to contour of nonplanar surface
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/24661 Forming, or cooperating to form cells
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/26 Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/266 of base or substrate

Abstract

Retroreflective film, sheeting or the like having an array of light-reflecting right triangle prisms between a transparent surface layer and a backing layer. The opposing triangular end faces of adjacent prisms are spaced apart to provide internal reflection therefrom. The retroreflective material provides efficient retroreflection at angles of incidence of about 30°-85° and therefore is effective where light is directed in a path nearly parallel to a reflective surface, such as highway lane dividers or guardrail markers placed parallel to a highway. Retroreflective material on such markers becomes visible to an observer while yet remote from the markers.

Claims

1. In a retroreflective material, the combination of a transparent surface layer, a backing layer, and an array of reflecting elements between said layers, each of said reflecting elements having a rectangular base, two mutually perpendicular rectangular faces meeting said base at 45°

angles, and two parallel triangular faces perpendicular to said rectangular faces, said triangular and rectangular faces defining a pair of cube corners therebetween, said reflecting elements being uniformly arranged with their bases adjacent said surface layer and their cube corners adjacent said backing layer, and wherein opposing triangular faces of adjacent elements are spaced apart to provide internal reflection therefrom.

2. A retroreflective material as in claim 1 wherein the refraction index of the reflective elements is about 1.4-1.6, the depth of the reflecting elements is about 2-200 mils, the length and width of the reflecting elements are about twice the depth, and the width of the spacing between said opposing triangular faces of the elements is about 1/10 to about 3 times the depth.

3. A retroreflective material as in claim 1 wherein the array of reflecting elements and the surface layer together form a unitary construction defined by a transparent film onto which has been formed said reflecting elements, and said backing layer is sealed to said transparent film at discrete locations.

4. A retroreflective material as in claim 3 wherein said reflecting elements are embossed into said film.

5. A retroreflective material as in claim 1 wherein said backing layer is sealed to said reflective elements at discrete locations, and the areas bounded by said spaced apart triangular faces and said backing layer define air pockets.

6. A retroreflective material as in claim 3 wherein said transparent film is formed in an undulating pattern, and the thickness of said backing layer varies correspondingly.

7. A retroreflective material as in claim 3 wherein said transparent film has a planar configuration, and said retroreflective material further includes an additional transparent surface layer material having an undulating pattern.

8. A retroreflective material as in claim 6 wherein the undulations of the undulating pattern are at an elevation of about 2-20 degrees.

9. A retroreflective material as in claim 7 wherein the undulations of the undulating pattern are at an elevation of about 2-20 degrees.

10. A retroreflective material as in claim 1 wherein the thickness of each of the surface and backing layers is about 2-200 mils.