Apparatus for charging rechargeable battery

• US 4,354,148 A
• Filed: 04/09/1980
• Issued: 10/12/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 04/18/1979
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Sanyo Electric Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sanyo Electric Company Limited (Panasonic Holdings Corporation)
• Inventors: Oyamada, Kenji, Tada, Kinya
• Primary Examiner(s): HICKEY, ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US06/138,590
• Time in Patent Office: 916 Days
• Field of Search: 320/20, 320/39, 320/40
• US Class Current: 320/148
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/007184 in response to battery voltage gradient

Abstract

A rechargeable battery is supplied with a charging voltage from a charging voltage source and exhibits a charging voltage characteristic having a peak shortly before the rechargeable battery reaches a fully charged state. A resistor voltage dividing circuit having a plurality of voltage output terminals is connected to both terminals of the rechargeable battery. A voltage memory device is provided for storing a predetermined voltage based on a voltage supplied from the voltage dividing circuit corresponding to the peak point of the charging voltage characteristic and comparison is made of the other output voltage obtained from the voltage dividing circuit after the peak point is passed and the stored voltage in the voltage memory device and a supply of a charging power from the charging voltage source to the rechargeable battery is interrupted when the difference between these voltages becomes zero.

Claims

1. An apparatus for charging a rechargeable battery having a charging voltage characteristic exhibiting a peak value shortly before said rechargeable battery reaches a fully charged state and thereafter exhibiting a gradually decreasing charge until said fully charged state is reached, said apparatus comprising:

charging voltage source means for supplying an electric current for charging said rechargeable battery,

means coupled to said rechargeable battery for providing a voltage associated with the terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery as it is being charged,

voltage memory means responsive to said charging voltage characteristic of said rechargeable battery and based on said associated voltage obtained from said voltage providing means for storing at the time of the peak of said battery charging voltage characteristic a first voltage which is less than said associated voltage by a predetermined voltage and for maintaining said first voltage after the peak of the battery charging characteristic has passed and said associated voltage decreases,

stored voltage control means for controlling said voltage being provided from said associated voltage providing means to said voltage memory means to limit the voltage stored by said voltage memory means to said first voltage,

comparing means for comparing said stored voltage in said voltage memory means and said associated voltage obtained from said voltage providing means after said peak of said charging voltage characteristic of said rechargeable battery is passed, and

control means responsive to the output of said comparing means for controlling said electric current supplied from said charging voltage source means to said rechargeable battery.

2. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said voltage providing means is adapted to provide a voltage which is lower than and is proportional to said terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery as said associated voltage.

3. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 2, wherein said stored voltage control means comprises

stored voltage detecting means for detecting said stored voltage of said voltage memory means, and

switching means responsive to the output of said stored voltage detecting means for interrupting the supply of said voltage from said associated voltage providing means to said voltage memory means.

4. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 3, wherein said stored voltage detecting means comprises differential circuit means having two inputs, one input of said differential circuit means being supplied with said stored voltage of said voltage memory means, and the other input of said differential circuit means being supplied with a different associated voltage of said voltage providing means, the output of said differential circuit means being applied to said switching means.

5. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 4, wherein said different associated voltage provided from said voltage providing means to said other input of said differential circuit means is selected to have a predetermined voltage difference with respect to a voltage being stored in said voltage memory means.

6. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said associated voltage providing means comprises voltage dividing means including a series connection of a plurality of resistors connected to receive the terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery at both ends of said series connection.

7. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 6, wherein

said voltage dividing means comprises a plurality of voltage output terminals associated with a plurality of different voltage values,

said voltage memory means receiving said associated voltage from a predetermined one of said plurality of voltage output terminals, and

differential circuit means for receiving said associated voltage from another one of said plurality of voltage output terminals.

8. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 7, wherein said predetermined voltage output terminal of said voltage dividing means provides a voltage which is lower, by said predetermined voltage, than said terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery.

9. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 8, which further comprises constant voltage circuit means for rendering constant the voltage difference between said predetermined voltage output terminal and said another voltage withdrawing output terminal.

10. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 9, wherein said constant voltage circuit means comprises a Zener diode connected in parallel with a predetermined one of said plurality of resistors.

11. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 10, wherein said applied voltage detecting means comprises differential circuit means having two inputs and having the output thereof applied to said switching means, and which further comprises constant voltage providing means for providing a constant voltage, one input of said differential circuit means being supplied with said voltage applied to said voltage memory means, and the other input of said differential circuit means being supplied with said constant voltage obtained from said constant voltage providing means.

12. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 11, wherein said constant voltage providing means comprises voltage dividing circuit means coupled to said charging voltage source means.

13. A charging apparatus in accordance with either claim 1, which further comprises delay means for delaying the application of said associated voltage from said voltage providing means to said voltage memory means.

14. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein said delay means comprises a resistor.

15. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 13, wherein said rechargeable battery comprises an inactive battery.

16. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said comparing means comprises an operational amplifier having two inputs, one input of said operational amplifier being supplied with said stored voltage of said voltage memory means, and the other input of said operational amplifier being supplied with said associated voltage of said voltage providing means.

17. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 16 further comprising means for selecting said associated voltage being applied from said voltage providing means to the other input of said operational amplifier to have a value lower than the voltage being applied from said voltage providing means to said voltage memory means.

18. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 17, wherein

said associated voltage providing means comprises voltage dividing circuit means receiving said terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery.

said voltage dividing circuit means comprises a plurality of output terminals for providing a plurality of different voltages, and

the voltage from one of said plurality of output terminals being applied to said voltage memory means and the voltage from another output terminal being applied to said other input of said operational amplifier.

19. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 16, wherein said operational amplifier comprises TTL'"'"'s have PNP inputs.

20. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said control means is adapted to interrupt said electric current from said charging voltage source to said rechargeable battery when the two voltages being applied to said comparing means come to have a predetermined voltage difference.

21. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 20, wherein said predetermined voltage difference is zero.

22. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 20, which further comprises holding means for holding substantially constant said stored voltage of said voltage memory means after said electric current from said charging voltage source to said rechargeable battery is interrupted.

23. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 22, wherein said holding means comprises connection means responsive to the output of said comparing means for connecting said voltage memory means to said associated voltage providing means.

24. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 23, wherein said connection means comprises switching means coupled between said associated voltage providing means and said voltage memory means and responsive to the output of said comparing means for being operable.

25. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said charging voltage source comprises

alternating current voltage source means, and

rectifying means for rectifying said alternating current voltage from said alternating current voltage source means.

26. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 25, wherein said rectifying means comprises half wave rectifying means.

27. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 25, wherein

said rectifying means comprises a rectifying element having a control electrode, and

said control means comprises gate signal generating means for providing a gate signal to said control electrode of said rectifying element having a control electrode.

28. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 27, which further comprises switching means coupled between said associated voltage providing means and said voltage memory means and responsive to said gate signal for being rendered conductive.

29. A charging appartus in accordance with claim 26, which further comprises voltage holding means coupled to the output of said associated voltage providing means.

30. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 29, wherein said voltage holding means comprises capacitor means.

31. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 25, which further comprises smoothing means provided at least one of between said associated voltage providing means and said voltage memory means and between said voltage memory means and said comparing means.

32. A charging apparatus in accordance with claim 1, wherein said voltage memory means comprises an electrochemical potential memory device.

33. An apparatus for charging a rechargeable battery having a charging voltage characteristic exhibiting a peak value shortly before said rechargeable battery reaches a fully charged state and thereafter exhibiting a gradually decreasing charge until said fully charged state is reached, said apparatus comprising:

charging voltage source means for supplying an electric current for charging said rechargeable battery,

means coupled to said rechargeable battery for providing a voltage associated with the terminal voltage of said rechargeable battery as it is being charged,

voltage memory means responsive to said charging voltage characteristic of said rechargeable battery and based on said associated voltage obtained from said voltage providing means for storing at the time of the peak of said battery charging voltage characteristic a first voltage which is less than said associated charge by a predetermined voltage and for maintaining said first voltage after the peak of the battery charging characteristic has passed and said associated voltage decreases,

applied voltage detecting means for detecting said voltage being applied to said voltage memory means, and

switching means responsive to the output of said applied voltage detecting means for interrupting said voltage being applied from said associated voltage providing means to said voltage memory means to limit the voltage stored by said voltage memory means to said first voltage,

comparing means for comparing said stored voltage in said voltage memory means and said associated voltage obtained from said voltage providing means after said peak of said charging voltage characteristic of said rechargeable battery is passed, and

control means responsive to the output of said comparing means for controlling said electric current supplied from said charging voltage source means to said rechargeable battery.