Thermostatically controlled electric fluid heating apparatus

• US 4,356,383 A
• Filed: 11/20/1979
• Issued: 10/26/1982
• Est. Priority Date: 11/22/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Gambro Lundia AB (Baxter International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Gambro AB (Baxter International Inc.)
• Inventors: Dahlberg, Bengt A. G., Holmberg, Bengt M., Nilsson, Lennart O. E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bartis, A.
• Application Number:
  US06/096,001
• Time in Patent Office: 1,071 Days
• Field of Search: 219/296, 219/299, 219/301, 219/302, 219/305, 219/308, 219/525, 219/524, 219/214, 219/330, 219/328, 128/214 A, 128/399, 165/46, 137/341, 222/146 R, 222/146 HE
• US Class Current: 392/470
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3623 Means for actively controlling temperature of blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/369 Temperature treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3653 by Joule effect, i.e. electric resistance
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/44 having means for cooling or heating the devices or media
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 1/025 For medical applications
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/6606 With electric heating element

Abstract

Heating apparatus for heating of a fluid. The heating apparatus comprises a conduit having a fluid passage therethrough for conduction of a fluid to be heated, a heating device, such as for example electrical heating plates, in heat transfer contact with a portion of the conduit for heating the fluid being conducted therethrough, and a temperature sensing device positioned in engagement with the conduit at a predetermined location along the conduit external to the conduit for sensing the temperature of the fluid to be conducted therepast. A contact member is arranged to engage the flexible conduit at the predetermined location for compressing the flexible conduit to constrict the cross sectional area of the flow passage thereat when the flow rate of the fluid is below a predetermined flow rate. Preferably, the contact member is spring biased towards the flow passage constricting position, and is movable away from such position when the flow rate exceeds a predetermined flow rate. In this manner, the fluid in the conduit is maintained in temperature sensing relationship with the temperature sensing device.

Claims

1. A heating apparatus for heating of a fluid comprising:

a conduit having a fluid passage therethrough for conduction of a fluid to be heated;

heating means in heat transfer contact with a portion of said conduit for heating the fluid being conducted therethrough;

temperature sensing means positioned in engagement with said conduit at a predetermined location along said conduit external to said conduit for sensing the temperature of fluid to be conducted through said conduit;

means operatively associated with said temperature sensing means for controlling operation of said heating means in response to the temperature of the fluid sensed by said temperature sensing means; and

constricting means associated with said conduit for maintaining the fluid in said fluid passage in contact with said conduit at said predetermined location when the flow rate of said fluid through said fluid passage is below a predetermined flow rate so as to guide the fluid in said conduit in temperature sensing relationship with said temperature sensing means, said constricting means being responsive to the flow rate of fluid through said fluid passage at said predetermined location to vary the cross-sectional area of the fluid passage between a predetermined cross-section area when the flow rate of said fluid is below a predetermined flow rate and a larger cross-sectional area when the flow rate of said fluid is above said predetermined flow rate, said predetermined cross-sectional area being of a size less than the unconstricted cross-sectional area of said fluid passage in said portion of said conduit in heat tranfer contact with said heating means.

2. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conduit comprises a flexible conduit and wherein said constricting means comprises contact means engageable with said flexible conduit at said predetermined location for compressing said flexible conduit to constrict the cross-sectional area of said flow passage to said predetermined cross-sectional area when the flow rate of said fluid is below said predetermined flow rate.

3. The heating apparatus of claim 2 wherein said contact means includes at least one groove therein into which a portion of said flexible conduit at said predetermined location is forced to define said predetermined cross-sectional area of said fluid passage.

4. The heating apparatus of claim 3 wherein said contact means comprises a contact member movable between a contact position in which said contact member engages said flexible conduit to constrict the cross-sectional area of said flow passage to said predetermined cross-sectional area and a second position in which the cross-sectional area of said flow passage is larger than said predetermined cross-sectional area, and biasing means for urging said contact member towards said contact position, said contact member being movable towards said second position in response to the flow rate of the fluid in said flow passage being at a value greater than said predetermined flow rate.

5. The heating apparatus of claim 2 wherein said portion of said conduit comprises a plastic bag member having at least one flow passage therethrough through which the fluid to be heated is adapted to be conducted.

6. The heating apparatus of claim 5 wherein said temperature sensing means comprises a first temperature transmitter, and said apparatus further includes a second temperature transmitter in abutment with said conduit, and first protection means responsive to said second temperature transmitter for rendering said heating means inoperative to heat fluid conducted through said conduit when the temperature of the fluid in said conduit exceeds a first predetermined temperature established by said first temperature transmitter.

7. The heating apparatus of claim 6 further including second protection means for rendering said heating means inoperative in response to the temperature of said heating means in heat transfer contact with said portion of said conduit exceeding a second predetermined temperature higher than said first predetermined temperature.

8. The heating apparatus of claim 7 wherein said heating means comprises electrical heating members in abutment with said portion of said conduit, and wherein said second protection means comprises means for interrupting the current supply to said heating members when the temperature of said heating members exceeds said second predetermined temperature.

9. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein said predetermined location at which said temperature sensing means is positioned is spaced from said heating means a distance sufficient so that said temperature sensing means is substantially unaffected by the heat generated by said heating means.

10. The heating apparatus of claim 9 wherein said conduit includes an inlet end and an outlet end, wherein said heating means is in said heat transfer contact with a portion of said conduit intermediate said inlet and said outlet ends thereof, and wherein said predetermined location is adjacent one of said inlet and outlet ends of said conduit.

11. The heating apparatus of claim 10 wherein said predetermined location is adjacent said outlet end.

12. The heating apparatus of claim 1 wherein said conduit comprises a plastic bag having a first section defining a first portion of said fluid passage, and a first channel section spaced from said first section and being located at said predetermined location along said plastic bag, said first channel section defining a second portion of said fluid passage, and said plastic bag being arranged with respect to said heating means and said temperature sensing means such that said first section is in heat transfer contact with said heating means and said first channel section is in temperature sensing relationship with said temperature sensing means and is spaced from said heating means a sufficient distance to thermally insulate said first channel section from the heating effects of said heating means.

13. The heating apparatus of claim 12 wherein said plastic bag includes a second channel section in fluid communication with said first portion of said fluid passage and spaced from said first section for introducing fluid into said first portion of said fluid passage.

14. The heating apparatus of claim 13 wherein said first section comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending flow channels in side-by-side relationship to define a laterally extending heat transfer surface for arrangement in heat transfer contact with the heating means, and wherein said first and second channel sections extend laterally with respect to said laterally extending heat transfer surface.

15. A method of heating a fluid comprising the steps of:

providing a plastic bag having a first section defining at least one flow passage through which a fluid to be heated is to be conducted and a first channel section spaced from said first section and being in fluid communication with said at least one fluid passage in said first section;

arranging said plastic bag with respect to heating means for heating of a fluid being conducted through said first section of said plastic bag so that said first section is in heat transfer contact with said heating means and so that the said first channel section is spaced from said heating means;

positioning temperature sensing means in external temperature sensing relationship with said first channel section for sensing the temperature of the fluid to be conducted therethrough;

varying the cross-sectional area of said first channel section in response to the flow rate of fluid through said first channel section between a predetermined cross-sectional area when the flow rate of fluid through said first channel section is below a predetermined flow rate and a larger cross-sectional area when the flow rate of fluid is above said predetermined flow rate so as to maintain the fluid being conducted through said first channel section in contact with said first channel section of said plastic bag to thereby guide the fluid in said first channel section in temperature sensing relationship with said temperature sensing means, said predetermined cross-sectional area being of a size less than the unconstricted cross-sectional area of said at least one flow passage of said first section of said plastic bag; and

controlling said heating means in response to the temperature sensed by said temperature sensing means so as to maintain the temperature of the fluid being conducted through said plastic bag at a predetermined temperature.

16. The method of claim 15 wherein said plastic bag further includes a second channel section in fluid communication with said at least one flow passage and spaced from said first section for introducing fluid into said at least one flow passage.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein said first section of said plastic bag comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending flow channels in side-by-side relationship to define a laterally extending heat transfer surface with respect to which said heating means is arranged in heat transfer contact, and wherein said first and second channel sections extend laterally with respect to said laterally extending heat transfer surface.