Breath monitor device

• US 4,366,821 A
• Filed: 09/15/1980
• Issued: 01/04/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Edward A., State Of Mo Wittmaier, Koppers Incorporated (Koppers Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Marie C. Kercheval
• Inventors: Wittmaier, Edward A., Kretschmer, Joseph A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Kyle L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hanley, John C.
• Application Number:
  US06/187,503
• Time in Patent Office: 841 Days
• Field of Search: 128/724, 128/716, 128/718, 128/719, 128/721, 128/722, 128/723, 128/724, 128/204.23, 128/204.22, 340/573
• US Class Current: 600/532
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/113 occurring during breathing
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0051 with alarm devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/04 Tracheal tubes catheters in general A61M25/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0833 T- or Y-type connectors, e.g. Y-piece
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3561 local, e.g. within room or hospital

Abstract

A breath monitor device useful for monitoring the inhaling and exhaling of patients and particularly patients on a breathing apparatus, the device being constructed to have a sensor element positioned in the path of the breath flow to respond to the breath and to the constituants thereof, the breathing apparatus including structure for supporting the sensor element, and a control circuit connected to the sensor element including a circuit portion for amplifying responses produced by the sensor element, a circuit portion for establishing threshold conditions for indicating whether the individual patient being monitored is inhaling or exhaling and that the patient is using the oxygen being breathed at a set minimum rate, a control panel connected to the control circuit including a first indicator for indicating when the patient is inhaling, a second indicator for indicating when the patient is exhaling, and a control element adjustable to establish minimum safe breathing rate conditions including an alarm device for producing an alarm condition when a breathing rate being monitored either falls below the minimum safe rate or ceases indicating a respiratory blockage or breathing failure. A counter circuit for counting the breath rate of the patient is also provided.

Claims

1. A breath monitor device comprising means for sensing the chemical composition of exhaled gases and inhaled gases of a patient, means responsive to said sensing means for timing the respective intervals between successive sensed exhaled gases and between successive sensed inhaled gases and means responsive to said timing means including means for generating a warning signal when at least one of the sensed intervals exceeds a predetermined time.

2. The breath monitor device of claim 1 further comprising means responsive to said sensing means for separately indicating the exhaling and inhaling of a patient being monitored.

3. The breath monitor device of claim 2 further comprising counting means including means for counting at least one of the exhalings and inhalings of a patient in a preselected time period, and display means including means for displaying the number counted by said counting means.

4. The breath monitor device of claim 1 wherein said timing means includes means for adjusting the duration of the predetermined time interval.

5. The breath monitor device of claim 1 further comprising comparator means operatively connected to said sensing means, said comparator means including adjustment means adjustable to establish a threshold condition which when exceeded by the output of the sensing means distinguishes between inhalings and exhalings of the patient.

6. The breath monitor device of claim 5 wherein said comparator means includes a zener diode.

7. A breath monitor device for use with an apparatus assisting the breathing of a patient, said breath monitor device comprising;

sensor means located in said breath assisting apparatus to respond to the breathing of the patient and for sensing utilization of gases being breathed by a patient;

relay means including associated circuit means energizable and deenergizable in response to said sensor means, said relay means having a first condition when said sensor means senses inhaled gases and a second condition when said sensor means senses at least a a preset change in the oxygen of the exhaled gases from the inhaled gases when the patient is exhaling;

an inhale circuit operatively connected to said relay means including an indicator which is energized when said relay means is in its first condition;

a first time delay circuit operatively connected to the relay means, said first time delay circuit having a first operative condition which occurs while the relay means is in its first condition and a second operative condition for a first predetermined period of time after the relay means is in its second condition for the first predetermined length of time;

an exhale circuit operatively connected to said relay means including an indicator which is energized when said relay means are in its second condition;

a second time delay circuit operatively connected to the relay means, said second time delay circuit having a first operative condition which occurs while the relay means is in its second condition for a second predetermined period of time and a second operative condition after the relay means has been in its first condition for the second predetermined length of time; and

warning signal means operatively connected to said first and second time delay circuits, said warning signal means being deenergized when said first and second time delay circuits are in their respective first operative conditions and said warning signal means being energized to produce a warning condition when at least one of said first and second time delay circuits is in its second operative condition.

8. The breath monitor device of claim 7 further comprising adjustable means operatively connected to said first and second time delay circuits, said adjustable means including means having a plurality of setting positions for simultaneously changing the predetermined times associated with said first and second time delay circuits.

9. The breath monitor of claim 7 further comprising comparator means operatively connected to an output of said sensor means, said comparator means including adjustment means adjustable for establishing a threshold condition which, when exceeded by said sensor means output, distinguishes changes of the exhaled and inhaled gases from a preset level.

10. The breath monitor device of claim 9 wherein said comparator means includes a zener diode.

11. The breath monitor device of claim 7 further comprising a remote unit at a location removed from the patient being monitored and operatively connected to said relay means and to said first and second time delay circuits, said remote unit including a second inhale indicator which is energized when said relay means is in its first condition, a second exhale indicator energized when said relay means is in its second condition, and second warning signal means deenergized whenever said first and second time delay circuits are in their respective first operating conditions, said second warning signal means being energized to produce a warning condition at the remote location when at least one of said first and second time delay circuits is in its second operating condition.

12. The breath monitor device of claim 7 further including counting means operatively connected to said relay means, said counting means including means for counting and storing the number of times said relay means changes from one of its conditions to the other of its conditions, and means operatively connected to said counting means including means for displaying the number stored by said counting means.

13. The breath monitor device of claim 12 further including means operatively connected to said counting means including means for periodically resetting the number stored by said counting means to some minimum condition, and means operatively connected to said counting means for displaying a number related to the number stored by said counting means representative of the number of breaths taken by the patient within a given period of time.

23. The breath monitor device of claim 11 wherein said warning device includes means for producing an audible warming signal.

14. An apparatus for monitoring the breathing of a patient comprising a tracheal tube for installing in the throat of a patient whose breath is to be monitored, said tracheal tube having an open ended passageway therethrough for breath to pass during inhaling and exhaling, an adapter including means for attaching to the tracheal tube to form an extension of the passageway, said adapter having means therein forming a chamber adjacent the tube that communicates with the passageway, and a sensor element positioned in the chamber, said sensor element including means for producing an electric response which varies with the chemical composition of the gases moving through the passageway contacting the sensor element as the patient breathes.

15. The apparatus defined in claim 14 including electric circuit means operatively connected to the sensor element, said electric circuit means including a first circuit portion for responding to gases inhaled by the patient and a second circuit portion for responding to gases exhaled by the patient, and means responsive to predetermined changes in the electric responses produced by the sensor element for switching between actuation of the first and second portions.

16. The apparatus defined in claim 15 including means operatively connected to said means responsive to predetermined changes for counting the predetermined changes that take place in the sensor element.

17. The apparatus defined in claim 16 including means to reset the counting means at predetermined time intervals, and means to display the count in the counting means.

18. The apparatus defined in claim 15 including means for establishing a predetermined threshold level for the electric response produced by the sensor element and means for comparing the electric response produced by the sensor element with said predetermined threshold level.

24. The breath monitor device of claim 14 wherein said voltage comparator circuit includes a zener diode.

19. A breath monitor device comprising;

a breathing assistance apparatus having an air passage through which a patient breathes, said breathing assistance apparatus having means allowing access to the air passage,

a sensor circuit having an electric sensing element the impedance of which decreases in the presence of exhaled gases as compared to inhaled gases located in the air passage so that gases breathed by the patient pass adjacent to and in contact with the sensing element, said sensor circuit including an output having a relatively high voltage when the sensing elements senses exhaled gases and a relatively low voltage when the sensing element senses inhaled gases,

a voltage comparator circuit connected to the output of said sensor circuit including means for producing a threshold voltage, means for adjusting the level of said threshold voltage, means for comparing the output voltage of the sensor circuit with the threshold voltage, and a comparator output terminal, said comparator circuit producing a first voltage condition on the output terminal when said sensor circuit output voltage is higher than the threshold voltage and a second voltage condition on the comparator output terminal when said sensor circuit output voltage is less than the threshold voltage,

a relay circuit having an input connected to the comparator output terminal of the voltage comparator circuit, said relay circuit including means for going between first and second operating conditions in response respectively to the presence of the first and second voltage conditions at the comparator output terminal,

an exhale circuit including an exhale time delay circuit operatively connected to the relay circuit, said exhale time delay circuit including means for establishing a predetermined first delay time period,

an inhale circuit including an inhale time delay circuit operatively connected to the relay circuit, said inhale time delay circuit establishing a second predetermined delay time period,

said exhale circuit being operative when said relay circuit is in its first operating condition, and said inhale circuit being operative when the relay circuit is in its second operating condition,

a warning device having operative connections to the exhale and to the inhale time delay circuits, said warning device being deenergized before the expiration of either of the first or second predetermined delay time periods, and being energized upon the expiration of either of the first or second predetermined delay time periods.

20. The breath monitor device of claim 19 wherein said exhale time delay circuit has a first operating condition between the energizing of said exhale circuit and the expiration of said predetermined first delay time period and a second operating condition after the expiration of said predetermined first delay time period, said inhale time delay circuit having a first operating condition between the energizing of said inhale circuit and the expiration of said predetermined second delay time period and a second operating condition after the expiration of said predetermined second delay time period, said warning device being deenergized whenever said inhale and exhale time delay circuits are in their first operating conditions, and said warning device being energized whenever at least one of said exhale and inhale time delay circuits is in its second operating condition.

21. The breath monitor device of claim 20 wherein said exhale and inhale time delay circuits each includes respective indicating means energizable when its respective time delay circuit is in its second operating condition.

22. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including exhale indicator means operatively connected to said relay circuit and energizable when said relay means is in its first operating condition, and inhale indicator means operatively connected to said relay circuit and energizable when said relay means is in its second operating condition.

25. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including a remote unit at a location removed from the patient whose breath is being monitored and operatively connected to said relay circuit and said inhale and exhale circuits, said remote unit having an exhale indicating means connected to said relay circuit and energizable when said relay circuit is in its first operative condition, an inhale indicating means connected to said relay circuit and energizable when said relay circuit is in its second operative condition, and a second warning device connected to the exhale and inhale time delay circuits producing a warning condition when energized, said second warning device being deenergized when said exhale and inhale time delay circuits are in their first operating conditions and being energized to produce a warning condition at the remote location when at least one of said exhale and inhale time delay circuits is in its second operating condition.

26. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including a test circuit operatively connected to the input of said relay circuit, said test circuit having a first operative condition allowing said relay circuit to be in one of its first and second operating conditions, and a second operative condition holding said relay circuit in its second operating condition.

27. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including a test circuit operatively connected to said exhale and inhale circuits for simultaneously energizing both of said inhale and exhale circuits.

28. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including adjustable means operatively connected to said exhale and inhale time delay circuits, said adjustable means having a plurality of settings for simultaneously controlling the predetermined operation of the time periods established by said exhale and inhale time delay circuits.

29. The breath monitor device of claim 19 wherein said electrical sensor circuit includes means for displaying the voltage output of said sensor circuit.

30. The breath monitor device of claim 29 wherein said voltage output displaying means includes means for recording the voltage output of said sensor circuit.

31. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including an open-sensor circuit operatively connected to the input of said relay circuit, said open-sensor circuit including means for holding said relay circuit in its second operating condition in absence of an output voltage of said sensing element.

32. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including a turn-on circuit operatively connected to said relay circuit for transferring the relay circuit to its first operating condition for a predetermined time after said turn-on circuit is initially energized, said relay circuit going to its second operating condition at the end of said predetermined time, and an on/off switch operatively connected between said warning device and said inhale and exhale circuits for deactivating the warning device the predetermined time after the turn-on circuit is energized.

33. The breath monitor device of claim 19 wherein said breathing assistance apparatus includes a tracheal tube.

34. The breath monitor device of claim 19 including counting means operatively connected to the relay circuit, said counting means including means for counting the number of times said relay circuit changes from one of its operating conditions to the other, and means operatively connected to said counting means for displaying a number representing the number of breaths taken in a preselected time interval.

35. The breath monitor device of claim 34 including means operatively connected to said counting means for periodically resetting the counting means to some predetermined count.

36. A breath monitor device comprising sensor means for sensing at least one gas component of the breath of a patient, support means for positioning said sensor means in the flow of breath of the patient, circuit means operatively connected to said sensor means including threshold means for determining the initial level of said breath gas component and comparator means responsive to changes in said breath gas component as sensed by the sensor means for indicating changes of said breath gas component from said initial level, means responsive to predetermined changes in the breath gas component as sensed by the sensor means for counting the breaths that occur per unit of time, and warning means responsive to said comparator means and to said means for giving a warning if the breath gas component changes from said initial level.

38. The breath monitor device of claim 36 wherein the sensor means includes a resistive element whose resistance changes depending on whether the patient is inhaling or exhaling, the direction of the change in the resistance of the resistive element changing at times when the patient changes between inhaling and exhaling.

37. The breath monitor device of claim 37 wherein said sensor means includes a resistive element whose resistance has a first value in the presence of oxygen and whose resistance decreases in response to depletion of oxygen.

39. A breath monitor device comprising sensing means in the air stream of a patient during at least one of exhaling and inhaling, said sensing means including means responsive to the composition of the breath, circuit means operatively connected to said sensing means including means for generating an output each time the sensing means senses a change in the composition of the breath as sensed by the sensing means due to the patient changing between inhaling and exhaling, counting means operatively connected to said circuit means including means for counting the changes sensed by the sensing means, and display means operatively connected to said counting means for displaying a number related to the number of changes that are counted in a predetermined time interval.

40. The breath monitor device of claim 39 wherein said circuit means includes reset means operatively connected to said counting means for resetting the counting means to some predetermined reset condition, and means to establish a predetermined time period between succeeding operations of the reset means.

41. The breath monitor device of claim 40 including means operatively connected to said counting means for recording the count therein.

42. An apparatus for monitoring the breathing of a patient comprising a tracheal tube for installing in the throat of a patient whose breath is to be monitored, said tracheal tube having an open ended passageway therethrough for breath to pass during inhaling and exhaling, an adaptor including means for attaching to the tracheal tube to form an extension of the passageway, said adaptor having means therein forming a chamber adjacent the tube that communicates with the passageway, a sensor element positioned in the chamber, said sensor element including means for producing an electric response which varies with the chemical composition of the gases moving through the passageway contacting the sensor element as the patient breathes, electric circuit means operatively connected to the sensor element, said electric circuit means including a first circuit portion for responding to gases inhaled by the patient and a second circuit portion for responding to gases exhaled by the patient, other circuit means including means responsive to predetermined changes in the electric response produced by the sensor element for switching between actuation of the first and second portions, each of said first and second circuit portions including time delay means, and an alarm device operatively connected to at least one of said first and second circuit portions, said one of said first and second circuit portions including means to energize the alarm device whenever the time of duration of the inhaled or exhaled gases associated with said second circuit portion exceeds some predetermined time period as established by the associated time delay means.

43. The apparatus defined in claim 42 including means operatively connected to said other circuit means for counting the predetermined changes that take place in the sensor element.

44. The apparatus defined in claim 43 including means to reset the counting means at predetermined time intervals, and means to display the count in the counting means.

45. The apparatus defined in claim 42 including means for establishing a predetermined electric response, and means for comparing the electric response produced by the sensor element with said predetermined threshold level.

46. A breath monitor device comprising sensor means for sensing at least one gas component of the breath of a patient, support means for positioning said sensor means in the flow of breath of the patient, circuit means operatively connected to said sensor means including threshold means for determining the initial level of said breath gas component and comparator means responsive to changes in said breath gas component as sensed by the sensor means for indicating changes in said breath gas component from said initial level, and warning means responsive to said comparator means for giving a warning if the breath gas component changes from said initial level, said sensor means including a resistive element whose resistance has a first value in the presence of oxygen and whose resistance decreases in response to depletion of oxygen, said threshold means including means for establishing a threshold voltage, said comparator means including a voltage comparator circuit having an input operatively connected to said sensor means, said input having an input voltage which varies inversely with the decrease in resistance of the resistive element, and said warning means producing a warning condition whenever the input voltage as determined by the resistance of the resistive element is less than said threshold voltage.

47. The breath monitor device of claim 46 wherein said voltage comparator circuit includes a zener diode connected in circuit with the resistive element.

48. The breath monitor device of claim 46 including timing circuit means operatively connected to the warning means, said timing circuit means including means for establishing a predetermined period of time, said warning means producing a warning condition whenever the input voltage is less than the threshold voltage at least once within said predetermined period of time.

49. The breath monitor device of claim 48 including means in the timing circuit means adjustable to establish the predetermined time period.

50. A method of monitoring breathing comprising providing a passageway for the flow of breath by a patient during inhaling and exhaling

passing the breath as it flows through the passageway in contact with means which are responsive to the oxygen content of exhaled and inhaled gases, providing means associated with the responsive means to enable distinguishing between when the patient is inhaling and when exhaling based on the oxygen content of the breath,

providing means for timing the intervals between successive ones of said inhalings and successive ones of the exhalings, and

producing a warning condition if any one of said time intervals exceed a respective predetermined time period.

51. A method for monitoring the composition of the breath during breathing comprising

passing the exhaled breath through a passageway and adjacent to an element positioned therein in position to be exposed to the exhaled breath, which element produces a response that is related to the chemical composition of the breath,

establishing a threshold condition for comparing with the response produced by said element,

comparing to said threshold condition the response produced by the element, and

producing a warning when the comparison has a particular relationship.