Method and apparatus for controlling distributed electrical loads

• US 4,367,414 A
• Filed: 02/26/1982
• Issued: 01/04/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 10/30/1979
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Electric Company
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Eichelberger, Charles W., Miller, Edward B.
• Primary Examiner(s): GRIFFIN, DONALD
• Application Number:
  US06/352,578
• Time in Patent Office: 312 Days
• Field of Search: 307/38-40, 307/113, 307/115, 307/140, 307/131, 375/107, 361/64
• US Class Current: 307/38
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00001 characterised by the display of information or by user interaction, e.g. supervisory control and data acquisition systems [SCADA] or graphical user interfaces [GUI]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00002 characterised by monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00016 using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 13/00036 the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers circuits for indication of single switches H01H9/167
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/11 by determining the brightness or colour temperature of ambient light
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/115 by determining the presence or movement of objects or living beings
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 47/155 Coordinated control of two or more light sources
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 20/40 Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/30 Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/00 Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/18 using switches, relays or circuit breakers, e.g. intelligent electronic devices [IED]
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 10/40 Display of information, e.g. of data or controls
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/246 the system involving the remote operation of lamps or lighting equipment

Abstract

An apparatus for controlling distributed electrical loads including a microprocessor based central controller coupled via a twisted pair bidirectional data line to a plurality of microcomputer based transceiver decoders. Each transceiver decoder is coupled to a plurality of relays, each relay associated with a particular load to be controlled. Override switches and sensors, coupled to transceiver decoders provide override requests and information related to ambient conditions at the site of a load. A user defined data base includes sub-sets of relays called sectors, patterns of relay states, remote switches, a time dependent schedule and condition responses. A communication protocall and arbitration scheme provide for interactive communication between the central controller and each transceiver decoder with interfacing with the operation of any other transceiver decoder. Enhanced data storage capacity is achieved through dynamic allocation of memory space for pattern data.

Claims

1. In a programmable system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads including plural control circuits, each connected to control a respectively corresponding one of said plural distributed electrical loads;

plural remotely located data transceiver circuits connected to control a predetermined subset of said control circuits in response to received data signals; and

a programmable central controller connected to provide said data signals via a dedicated common data line to each of said transceiver circuits;

the improvement comprising;

a fusible link connecting each of said transceiver circuits to said dedicated common data line whereby the fusible link will open and disconnect its corresponding circuit from the data line if more than a predetermined current passes therethrough, and

said central controller including means to periodically examine said dedicated data line for a low impedance condition which exists longer than a predetermined time period indicating an abnormal low impedance condition not normally encountered in data transmissions and, in response thereto, to cause a current greater than said predetermined current to pass over said data line thus automatically disconnecting any transceiver circuit which has caused such abnormally extended low impedance condition to exist.

2. A programmable system as in claim 1 wherein said central controller controls said control circuits in accordance with at least one preprogrammed time-dependent sequence.

3. A programmable system as in claim 1 or 2 wherein each of said data transceiver circuits includes a data transmitter for communications back to said central controller.

4. A programmable system as in claim 3 wherein each of said transceiver circuits is connected to said central controller via a common bi-directional data line.

5. In a system according to claim 4, said central controller being further adapted to identify a transceiver circuit severed from said common data line.

6. In a system according to claim 5, said central controller being further adapted to annunciate the identity of a transceiver circuit severed from said common data line.

7. In a system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads via plural remotely located asynchronous data communication points which asynchronously communicate with a central data processor over a common data communication circuit by imposing binary coded timed sequences of high and low impedance conditions onto said common data circuit only after detecting its availability for such communication by detecting the presence of a high impedance condition which persists beyond a predetermined time period, the improvement comprising:

a fusible link connecting each of said asynchronous data communication points to said common data communication circuit, each said fusible link being adapted to automatically disconnect its corresponding asynchronous data communication point from the common data communication circuit if, during an abnormally extended low impedance condition of the associated data communication point, it is presented with an electrical input via said common data communication circuit which is greater than a predetermined magnitude, and

fault monitoring and correcting means connected to said common data communication circuit for measuring the time duration of a low impedance condition imposed thereon, for detecting an abnormally extended low impedance condition thereon and for applying an electrical input thereto greater than said predetermined magnitude in response to any such detection thereby automatically disconnecting any faulty asynchronous data communication point from the dedicated circuit and freeing it for use by other data communication points in the system.

8. In a programmable system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads including plural control circuits, each connected to control a respectively corresponding one of said plural distributed electrical loads;

plural remotely located data transceiver circuits connected to control a predetermined sub-set of said control circuits in response to received data signals; and

a programmable central controller connected to provide said data signals via a common data line to each of said transceiver circuits;

a method for clearing error conditions using only the common data line itself, said method comprising the steps of;

coupling each of said transceiver circuits to said common data line via a fusible link whereby the fusible link will open and disconnect its corresponding circuit from the common data line if more than a predetermined current passes therethrough,

periodically examining said common data line by said central controller for a low impedance condition which exists longer than a predetermined time period indicating an abnormal low impedance condition not normally encountered in data transmissions, and

in response thereto, causing a current greater than said predetermined current to pass over said common data line thus automatically disconnecting any transceiver circuit which has caused such low impedance condition to exist.

9. In a programmable system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads including plural control circuits, each connected to control a respectively corresponding one of said plural distributed electrical loads;

plural remotely located data transceiver circuits connected to control a predetermined sub-set of said control circuits in response to received data signals; and

a programmable central controller connected to provide said data signals via a common data line to each of said transceiver circuits, said central controller controlling said control circuits in accordance with at least one preprogrammed time-dependent sequence;

a method for clearing error conditions comprising the steps of;

coupling each of said transceiver circuits to said common data line via a fusible link whereby the fusible link will open and disconnect its corresponding circuit from the data line if more than a predetermined current passes therethrough,

periodically examining said common data line by said central controller for a low impedance condition which exists longer than a predetermined time period indicating an abnormal low impedance condition not normally encountered in data transmissions, and

in response thereto, causing a current greater than said predetermined current to pass over said common data line thus opening said fusible link and automatically disconnecting any transceiver circuit which has caused such low impedance condition to exist.

10. In a programmable system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads including plural control circuits, each connected to control a respectively corresponding one of said plural distributed electrical loads;

plural remotely located data transceiver circuits connected to control a predetermined sub-set of said control circuits in response to received data signals, said data transceiver circuits each including a data transmitter for communication back to a central controller; and

a programmable central controller connected to provide said data signals via a common data line to each of said transceiver circuits;

a method for clearing error conditions comprising the steps of;

coupling each of said transmitter circuits to said common data line via a fusible link whereby the fusible link will open and disconnect its corresponding circuit from the data line if more than a predetermined current passes therethrough,

periodically examining said common data line by said central controller for a low impedance condition which exists longer than a predetermined time period indicating an abnormal low impedance condition not normally encountered in data transmissions, and

in response thereto, causing a current greater than said predetermined current to pass over said common data line thus automatically disconnecting any transmitter circuit which has caused such low impedance condition to exist.

11. In a programmable system for controlling plural distributed electrical loads including plural control circuits, each connected to control a respectively corresponding one of said plural distributed electrical loads;

plural remotely located data transceiver circuits connected to control a predetermined sub-set of said control circuits in response to received data signals, said data transceiver circuits each including a data transmitter for communication back to a central controller; and

a programmable central controller connected to provide said data signals via a common bi-directional data line to each of said receiving and decoding circuits;

a method for clearing error conditions comprising the steps of;

coupling each of said transmitter circuits to said common data line via a fusible link whereby the fusible link will open and disconnect its corresponding transmitter circuit from the data line if more than a predetermined current passes therethrough,

periodically examining said dedicated data line by said central controller for a low impedance condition which exists longer than a predetermined time period indicating an abnormal low impedance condition not normally encountered in data transmissions, and

in response thereto, causing a current greater than said predetermined current to pass over said dedicated data line thus automatically disconnecting any transmitter circuit which has caused such low impedance condition to exist.

12. A method according to claim 11 further including the step of identifying the transmitter circuit severed from the common data line.