System for detecting bubble formation in clear and opaque fluids

• US 4,367,736 A
• Filed: 08/25/1980
• Issued: 01/11/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 08/25/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Baxter Travenol Laboratories Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Baxter Travenol Laboratories Incorporated
• Inventors: Gupton, John E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Howell, Kyle L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hanley, John C.
• Application Number:
  US06/181,063
• Time in Patent Office: 869 Days
• Field of Search: 128/DIG. 13, 128/214 E, 340/632, 73/19, 356/39
• US Class Current: 604/30
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14232 Roller pumps
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/365 Air detectors A61M5/1684 takes precedence; in extracorporeal blood circuits A61M1/3626
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/13 Infusion monitoring

Abstract

A system for use in flow metering apparatus for detecting bubble formation in both clear and opaque fluids in an administration set includes a light source and a light detector positioned on opposite sides of a transparent tubing segment of the administration set such that light transmitted through the tubing to the detector is dependent on the presence or absence of fluid in the tubing. With clear fluid present, a first comparator in the system interrupts operation of the metering apparatus when the light detector output falls below a predetermined minimum level. With opaque fluid present, a second comparator interrupts operation of the apparatus when the light detector output rises above a predetermined maximum level. The detection system is automatically conditioned to either clear or opaque operating modes without input from the operator, and incorporates protection circuitry for interrupting operation of the metering apparatus in the event of failure of either the light source or the light detector.

Claims

1. A bubble detector for detecting a fluid absence in either clear or opaque fluid in the transparent tubing of an administration set, said bubble detector comprising, in combination:

a light source arranged at one side of the tubing;

a light detector generally arranged at the opposite side of the tubing for receiving light from said source having passed through the tubing, said detector being adapted to generate an output signal level indicative of the intensity of light incident on said detector, the level of said output being above a first predetermined level in the presence of a clear fluid in the tubing, and being below a second predetermined level which is lower than said first predetermined level in the presence of an opaque fluid within the tubing; and

being between said first and second levels in the presence of a bubble or absence of fluid in the tubing, wherein said second level is selected so that when inverted it is higher than said first level;

detector output switching means having an inverting signal input and a signal input connected to said detector output, said switching means being adapted to output said detector output signal in the absence of an inverting signal input and to output an inverted detector output signal in the presence of an inverting signal input,

first and second comparision means connected to the output of said detector switching means, wherein said second comparison means is adapted to apply an inverting signal to said detector switching means in the event that said detector switching means output level falls below said second predetermined level, thereby causing said detector switching means to output an inverted detector output signal, and wherein said first comparision means is adapted to provide a control signal in the event that the detector switching means output level rises above said first predetermined level, and

alarm circuit means adapted to issue an alarm in the event that said first comparision means fails to issue a control signal within a predetermined period of time.

2. A bubble detector as defined in claim 1 wherein said first comparison means include a first voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level rising above said first predetermined level, and a first flip-flop responsive to said first voltage comparator output signal for producing said control signal, and said second comparision means include a second voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level falling below said second predetermined level, and a second flip-flop responsive to said second voltage comparator output signal for producing said inverting signal, and wherein said detector includes a source of clock pulses for synchronizing the operation of said flip-flops.

3. A bubble detector as defined in claim 2 wherein said flip-flops are delayed-toggle type flip flops.

4. A bubble detector as defined in claim 1, further including additional light detector means for detecting the intensity of light emitted by said light source, and for providing an output signal indicative thereof, and light source supply means responsive to said intensity indicative output signal for supplying power to said light source so as to maintain a substantially constant light output level from said source.

5. A bubble detector as defined in claim 4 further including monitoring means for monitoring the power consumption of said light source and activating said alarm circuit means in the event said power consumption exceeds a predetermined maximum level or falls below a predetermined minimum level.

6. A bubble detector as defined in claim 1 wherein the level of said detector output is above a third predetermined level which is higher than said first predetermined level in the event that said detector short-circuits, and said first comparison means is adapted to further compare said detector switching means output with a reference voltage of said third predetermined level in response to said control signal, and being further adapted to maintain said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level exceeds said third level, and to remove said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level is below said third level, and wherein said alarm means is further adapted to issue an alarm in the event that said control signal is maintained for a predetermined period of time, thereby indicating a short-circuited detector.

7. A bubble detector for detecting a fluid absence in either clear or opaque fluid in the transparent tubing of an administration set, said bubble detector comprising, in combination:

a light source arranged at one side of the tubing;

a light detector generally arranged at the opposite side of the tubing for receiving light from said source having passed through the tubing, said detector being adapted to generate an output signal level indicative of the intensity of light incident on said detector, the level of said output being above a first predetermined level in the presence of a clear fluid in the tubing, and being below a second predetermined level which is lower than said first predetermined level in the presence of an opaque fluid within the tubing, and being above a third predetermined level which is higher than said first predetermined level in the event that said detector short-circuits, and being between said first and second levels in the presence of a bubble or absence of fluid in the tubing, wherein said second level is selected so that when inverted it is higher than said first level;

detector output switching means having an inverting signal input and a signal input connected to said detector output, said switching means being adapted to output said detector output signal in the absence of an inverting signal input and to output an inverted detector output signal in the presence of an inverting signal input,

first and second comparison means connected to the output of said detector switching means, wherein said second comparison means is adapted to apply an inverting signal to said detector switching means in the event that said detector switching means output level falls below said second predetermined level, thereby causing said detector switching means to output an inverted detector output signal, and wherein said first comparison means is adapted to compare said detector switching means output with a reference voltage of said first predetermined level to provide a control signal in the event that the detector switching means output level rises above said first predetermined level, and is adapted to further compare said detector switching means output with a reference voltage of said third predetermined level in response to said control signal, and to maintain said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level exceeds said third level, and to remove said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level in below said third level; and

alarm circuit means adapted to issue an alarm in the event that said control signal is maintained for a predetermined period of time.

8. A bubble detector as defined in claim 7 wherein said first comparison means include a first voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level rising above said first predetermined level, and a first flip-flop responsive to said first voltage comparator output signal for providing said control signal.

9. A bubble detector as defined in claim 8 wherein said second comparison means include a second voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level falling below said second predetermined level, and a second flip-flop responsive to said second voltage comparator output signal for providing said inverting signal.

10. A bubble detector as defined in claim 7 wherein said first comparison means include a first voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level rising above said first predetermined level, and a first flip-flop responsive to said first voltage comparator output signal for producing said control signal, and said second comparison means include a second voltage comparator for producing an output signal upon said detector switching means output level falling below said second predetermined level, and a second flip-flop responsive to said second voltage comparator output signal for producing said inverting signal, and said detector includes a source of clock pulses for synchronizing the operation of said flip-flops.

11. A bubble detector as defined in claim 10 wherein said flip-flops are delayed-toggle type flip flops.

12. A bubble detector as defined in claim 7 further including additional light detector means for detecting the intensity of light emitted by said light source, and for providing an output signal indicative thereof, and light source supply means responsive to said intensity indicative output signal for supplying power to said light source so as to maintain a substantially constant light output level from said source.

13. A bubble detector as defined in claim 12 further including monitoring means for monitoring the power consumption of said light source and activating said alarm circuit means in the event said power consumption exceeds a predetermined maximum level or falls below a predetermined minimum level.

14. A bubble detector for detecting a fluid absence in either clear or opaque fluid in the transparent tubing of an administration set, said bubble detector comprising, in combination:

a light source arranged at one side of the tubing;

a light detector generally arranged at the opposite side of the tubing for receiving light from said source having passed through the tubing, said detector being adapted to generate an output signal level indicative of the intensity of light incident on said detector, the level of said output being above a first predetermined level in the presence of a clear fluid in the tubing, and being below a second predetermined level which is lower than said first predetermined level in the presence of an opaque fluid within the tubing, and being above a third predetermined level which is higher than said first predetermined level in the event that said detector short-circuits, and being between said first and second levels in the presence of a bubble or absence of fluid in the tubing, wherein said second level is selected so that when inverted it is higher than said first level;

detector output switching means having an inverting signal input and a signal input connected to said detector output, said switching means being adapted to output said detector output signal in the presence of an inverting signal input and to output an inverted detector output signal in the presence of an inverting signal input,

first and second comparison means connected to the output of said detector switching means, wherein said second comparison means includes a voltage comparator and a delayed toggle flip-flop for applying an inverting signal to said detector switching means upon application of a clock pulse to the flip flop in the event that said detector switching means output level falls below said second predetermined level, thereby causing said detector switching means to output an inverted detector output level, and wherein said first comparison means includes a voltage comparator and a delayed toggle flip-flop for comparing said detector switching means output with a reference voltage of said first predetermined level to provide a control signal upon application of a clock pulse to the flip-flop in the event that the detector switching means output level rises above said first predetermined level, and is adapted to further compare said detector switching means output with a reference voltage of said third predetermined level in response to said control signal, and to maintain said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level exceeds said third level, and to remove said control signal in the event that said detector switching output level is below said third level;

a source of clock pulses;

means for applying said clock pulses to said flip-flops to provide synchronous toggling thereof; and

alarm circuit means adapted to provide an alarm in the event that said control signal is maintained for a predetermined period of time.

15. A bubble detector as defined in claim 14 further including additional light detector means for detecting the intensity of light emitted by said light source, and for providing an output signal indicative thereof, and light source supply means responsive to said intensity indicative output signal for supplying power to said light source so as to maintain a substantially constant light output level from said source.

16. A bubble detector as defined in claim 15 further including monitoring means for monitoring the power consumption of said light source and activating said alarm circuit means in the event that said power consumption exceeds a predetermined maximum level or falls below a predetermined minimum level.