Solar still

• US 4,371,623 A
• Filed: 02/09/1981
• Issued: 02/01/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 02/09/1981
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Taylor G. Brandt, William N. Durkin
• Original Assignee: William N. Durkin
• Inventors: Taylor, G. Brandt
• Primary Examiner(s): BASCOMB JR, WILBUR
• Application Number:
  US06/233,031
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 203/DIG. 1, 203/22, 203/DIG. 13, 203/DIG. 16, 203/19, 203/100, 203/2, 202/180, 202/234, 202/160, 202/177, 202/154, 202/198, 202/233, 202/235, 202/83, 126/450, 126/438, 126/901, 435/161, 435/162, 435/289, 435/290, 435/813, 435/3, 435/315, 435/316, 260/42, 260/29.1 R, 426/494, 426/231
• US Class Current: 435/300.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 3/00 Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping evaporation in general, e.g. of liquids for gas phase reactions B01B1/005; gas chromatography B01D15/08; destructive distillation C10B; preparation of alcoholic beverages by distillation C12H6/02
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 3/001 Processes specially adapted for distillation or rectification of fermented solutions
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 21/02 Photobioreactors culturing algae A01G33/00, A01H4/001, C12N1/12
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 31/04 Mirrors
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 43/02 Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices for liquid fuel extraction; Biorefineries
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/74 with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 70/25 Coatings made of metallic material
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 10/20 Solar thermal
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/59 Biological synthesis; Biological purification
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 126/907 Absorber coating
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 203/01 Solar still
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 203/11 Batch distillation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 203/14 Ejector-eductor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 203/17 Saline water conversion
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/813 Continuous fermentation

Abstract

Apparatus for preparation and distillation of low-alcohol-content, fermentation products into high-alcohol-content, fuel-grade product using solar energy to carry out the fermentation and distillation. The apparatus includes a solar collector with reflectors, fermenting tanks, a distillation column, and temperature controls. The working fluid for the solar collector is isolated from the fluid being distilled.

Claims

1. A solar still for producing alcohol, comprised of:

(a) at least one fermenting tank adapted to produce a beer by fermentation,

(b) a heat exchanger,

(c) a solar collector adapted to absorb energy from the sun and use that energy to heat a working fluid,

(d) a working fluid conveying system adapted to circulate the working fluid through the solar collector and through the heat exchanger,

(e) a distillation unit comprising;

(1) a stripping fractioning column,

(2) a rectification fractioning column, and

(3) a transfer conduit operatively connecting the top of the stripping column to the bottom of the rectification column,

(f) transferring means adapted to convey the beer from the fermenting tank to the heat exchanger, wherein energy from the working fluid is transferred to the beer, the beer and the working fluid flowing in separate conduits so that the beer and working fluid never mix, and

(g) means for conveying the beer from the heat exchanger to the top of the stripping column where the beer is divided into an alcohol rich vapor phase stream which passes through the transfer conduit to the rectification column where it moves up the rectification column and an alcohol weak stream which flows downwardly through the stripping column, whereby beer in the vapor phase from the alcohol weak stream moves up the stripping column, through the transfer conduit to the bottom of the rectification column and up the rectification column.

2. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein at least three fermenting tanks are provided.

3. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein means are provided for conveying the alcohol rich stream from the top of the recitification column and a heat recovery device is provided to transfer heat from the alcohol rich stream leaving the rectification column, to the beer entering the stripping column.

4. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein the solar collector includes a planar absorber having conduits through which the working fluid flows, the absorber having an upper edge, a lower edge, and a sunny side, wherein a reflective panel is attached to at least one of either the upper or lower edge and angled with respect to the plane of the absorber to cause solar radiation striking the reflective panels to be reflected to the absorber, the intersection of the plane of the reflective panel and of the absorber being substantially horizontal.

5. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the collector on which the sun shines is covered with a paint comprised of a clear carrier in which has been mixed a dispersion of fine particles of cupric oxide.

6. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein the solar collector is formed of a cylindrical reflector having a parabolic directrix, and an absorbing pipe along the focal line of the reflector, and extending substantially beyond the axial end of the reflector, the reflector being positioned with the focal line horizontal and parallel to the apparent daily path of the sun.

7. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein the working fluid conveying system is adapted to selectively provide heat to the fermenting tank.

8. A still as recited in claim 7, wherein a fermenting tank temperature controller is provided to maintain the temperature within the fermenting tank by regulating the flow of working fluid to the fermenting tank.

9. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein the working fluid conveying system is provided with a thermal dump adapted to selectively exhaust energy from the working fluid.

10. A still as recited in claim 9, wherein a solar collector temperature controller is connected between the solar collector and the thermal dump and adapted to cause the thermal dump to exhaust energy from the working fluid when the temperature of the solar collector reaches a specific value.

11. A still as recited in claim 1, wherein a column controller is provided to regulate the flow of beer into the distillation unit in response to the temperature of the alcohol rich stream.