Process for manufacturing of formed products

• US 4,377,440 A
• Filed: 03/20/1981
• Issued: 03/22/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 05/25/1978
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Stein Gasland
• Original Assignee: Stein Gasland
• Inventors: Gasland, Stein
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Peter
• Application Number:
  US06/245,753
• Time in Patent Office: 732 Days
• Field of Search: 162/101, 162/145, 162/146, 162/157 R, 162/157 C, 162/100, 162/201, 162/218, 162/155, 162/154, 162/152, 162/156, 162/175, 162/178, 162/147, 162/202, 162/DIG. 9 , 162/214, 162/158, 162/168.1, 162/224, 162/227, 162/168.3, 162/177, 162/174, 264/176 R, 264/165, 264/175, 264/204
• US Class Current: 162/101
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/022 characterised by the choice of material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/05 Filamentary, e.g. strands
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/508 and first forming a mat composed of short fibres
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/06 containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/02 Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 28/02 containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 30/02 containing fibrous materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 1/02 Cellulose; Modified cellulose
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 1/286 substituted with acid radicals, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] C08L1/282 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 2666/02 Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 2666/04 Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 2666/26 Natural polymers, natural resins or derivatives thereof according to C08L1/00 - C08L5/00, C08L89/00, C08L93/00, C08L97/00 or C08L99/00
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 29/04 Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 3/02 Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 3/10 Oxidised starch
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 33/26 Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 5/04 Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 5/14 Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 89/005 Casein
• CPC Class Codes: C08L 97/02 Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse manufacture of articles made from lignocellulosic material by dry processes B27N
• CPC Class Codes: C10L 5/14 : with organic binders
• CPC Class Codes: D21C 9/005 : organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/20 : Macromolecular organic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/21 : of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/22 : Proteins
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/24 : Polysaccharides
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/25 : Cellulose
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/28 : Starch
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/30 : Alginic acid or alginates
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/31 : Gums
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 17/37 : Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
• CPC Class Codes: D21H 23/26 : by selecting point of addition or moisture content of the paper
• CPC Class Codes: D21J 3/00 : Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds

Abstract

A method of making a cellulosic paper or paperboard by agitating an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers until they become separated from each other and swollen. A sufficient amount of hydrocolloid is added to bind the water in the suspension such that no water will bleed out during a subsequent shaping. The mixture is kneaded until a homogeneous, plastically deformable mixture is formed. The mixture contains about 50-90% water, fibers in excess of about 8% and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1% by weight. The mixture is shaped by extrusion, rolling, pressing or drawing.

Claims

1. A method of making a shaped, smooth-surfaced cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of:

(a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating and by kneading the material, said material containing water in the range of from about 50 to about 90 percent, fibers in the range of from about 8 to about 49 percent, and hydrocolloid in the range of from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight;

(b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injection molding, rolling, pressing or drawing; and

(c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a predetermined ratio of water to fibers is obtained by dewatering the aqueous dispersion prior to adding the hydrocolloid.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a particulate mineral material selected from the group consisting of clay, chalk, gypsum, coal, and mixtures thereof, is added to the plastically formable material as a filler.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of starch, starch derivatives, dextrines, polyvinylalcohol, cellulose derivatives, animal protein, vegetable gum, vegetable protein, alginate, cereal flour, tuber flour, and mixtures thereof.

5. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid comprises a synthetic hydrocolloid.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is selected from the group consisting of carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, casein, guar gum, locust bean gum, polyacrylamide, wheat flour, oat flour, rye flour, barley flour, corn flour, potato flour, tapioca flour, and mixtures thereof.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is added to the aqueous dispersion in a substantially dry state.

8. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hydrocolloid is added to the aqueous dispersion dissolved or dispersed in a liquid.

9. A method as claimed in claim 1, including the step of expanding the shaped article to create cellular structure therein.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the expanding step comprises the generation of a gas, the liberation of steam or foaming within the article.

11. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastically formable material is softened by heating it to a temperature in excess of ambient temperature to improve its formability.

12. A method as claimed in claim 6, including the step of adding gypsum to the plastically formable material to improve the drying of the shaped article.

13. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaping step is carried out using an extruder having an effective diameter which is not in excess of 2 millimeters.

14. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaping step is carried out using an extruder having a flat extruding nozzle with an opening which is about 0.3 millimeters in height.

15. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaped article is selected from the group consisting of paper, paper board and fiber board.

16. A method of making a shaped, cellulosic paper or paper board article from an aqueous suspension of cellulosed fibers, the fibers having been agitated in water so as to become separated from each other and swollen, comprising the steps of:

(a) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent it from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating, and by kneading the material, said preparation and kneading taking place at a temperature in excess of about 20°

C. sufficient to soften the material said material containing from about 50 to about 90 percent water, fibers in excess of about 8 percent, and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1 percent by weight;

(b) shaping the material into the desired shape by extrusion, injunction molding, rolling, pressing or drawing, said shaping taking place while the material remains softened; and

(c) forming hydrogen bonds between the solids of the material by drying the shaped material.