Measuring magnetic intensity independent of speed in a succession of moving magnetic strips

• US 4,380,734 A
• Filed: 06/30/1980
• Issued: 04/19/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/1980
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AT&T, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Western Electric Co., Inc. (Nokia Corporation)
• Inventors: Allerton, George L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Strecker, Gerard R.
• Application Number:
  US06/164,376
• Time in Patent Office: 1,023 Days
• Field of Search: 324/206, 324/225, 324/205, 324/260-262, 324/210-212, 360/25, 360/53, 340/825.34, 340/146.3 C, 235/438, 235/449, 364/507, 364/571, 73/159
• US Class Current: 324/225
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/087 the earth magnetic field being modified by the objects or geological structures
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/084 sensing magnetic material by relative movement detecting flux changes without altering its magnetised state

Abstract

The magnetic intensity in a succession of strips (12) in an article (10) is measured by producing relative motion between the article (10) and a magnetic sensing head (23) to produce a succession of first voltage waveforms. Each such waveform has a shape substantially characterized by the positions of the poles (13 and 14) in a respective strip (12). Each incremental portion of the shape has an amplitude proportional to the magnetic intensity sensed along the surface of the strip (12) and to the instantaneous speed of the relative motion between the sensing head (23) and such surface. By coupling a generator (31) to the article (10), a second voltage waveform is produced having a shape for each strip, wherein each incremental portion has an amplitude proportional to an instantaneous speed equivalent to the speed producing the first voltage waveform for the respective strip (12). The first waveform of a strip (12) is fed into the numerator input "Z" of a dividing circuit (36) and, simultaneously therewith, the second waveform for the same strip (12) is fed into the denominator input "X1" of the same circuit (36). Advantageously, the circuit (36) has a processing speed sufficient to produce a third voltage waveform of a shape wherein each incremental portion is independent of the speed of the relative motion and is faithful in amplitude and position to the poles (13 and 14) in each respective strip (12).

Claims

1. A method of measuring magnetic intensity in each of a succession of magnetic strips in an article, comprising:

producing relative motion between the article and a magnetic sensing head to produce a succession of first voltage waveforms, each having a shape substantially characterized by the positions of the poles in a respective strip and wherein each incremental portion of the shape has an amplitude proportional to the magnetic intensity sensed along the surface of the strip and to the instantaneous speed of the relative motion between the sensing head and such surface;

producing a second voltage waveform having a shape for each strip wherein each incremental portion has an amplitude proportional to an instantaneous speed equivalent to the speed producing the first voltage waveform for the respective strip; and

simultaneously feeding the first waveform for each strip into the numerator input and the second waveform into the denominator input of a dividing circuit having a processing speed sufficient to produce a third voltage waveform of a shape wherein each incremental portion is independent of the speed of the relative motion and is faithful in amplitude and position to the poles in the strip.

2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the density of strips in an article is such that the lines of poles occur about 40 times or more per inch along the surface of the article, and wherein the speed of the relative motion causes the lines to appear at the sensing head at a rate of from about 100 to about 2,000 times per second, further comprising as part of the feeding and dividing step:

processing the instantaneous signals through the divider circuit at a frequency of at least one megahertz to faithfully represent in the third waveform the amplitude and position of the poles in the strip.

3. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein the article has a flat surface and the magnetic sensing head is recessed into a second flat surface and wherein the relative motion is produced by sliding the flat surface of the article along the second flat surface and over the head.

4. A method as recited in claim 3 wherein the second voltage waveform is produced by coupling the article to a generator to turn the armature of the generator at a speed proportional to the speed of the article, including:

moving a toothed member along with the article and engaging the toothed member with a toothed wheel attached to the armature.

5. A method as recited in claim 4 further comprising:

coupling the third voltage waveform to a full wave rectifier to produce a fourth voltage waveform of a single polarity; and

coupling the fourth voltage waveform to a display device to display an indication of the measured field intensity.

6. A method as recited in claim 5 further comprising the step of:

decoupling the third voltage waveform from the full wave rectifier when the second voltage waveform is substantially zero.

7. Apparatus for measuring magnetic intensity in each of a succession of magnetic strips in an article, comprising:

means for producing relative motion between the article and a magnetic sensing head to produce a succession of first voltage waveforms, each having a shape substantially characterized by the pole positions in a respective strip and wherein each incremental portion of the shape has an amplitude proportional to the magnetic intensity sensed along the surface of the strip and to the instantaneous speed of the relative motion between the sensing means and such surface;

means for producing a second voltage waveform having a shape for each strip wherein each incremental portion has an amplitude proportional to an instantaneous speed equivalent to the speed producing the first voltage waveform for the respective strip; and

means for simultaneously feeding the first waveform for each strip into the numerator input and the second waveform into the denominator input of a dividing circuit having a processing speed sufficient to produce a third voltage waveform of a shape wherein each incremental portion is independent of the speed of the relative motion and is faithful in amplitude and position to the poles in the strip.

8. Apparatus as in claim 7 wherein the density of strips in an article is such that the lines of poles occur about 40 times or more per inch along the surface of the article, and wherein the speed of the relative motion causes the lines to appear at the sensing heat at a rate of from about 100 to about 2,000 times per second, further comprising:

means for processing the instantaneous signals through the divider circuit at a frequency of at least one megahertz to faithfully represent in the third waveform the amplitude and position of the poles in the strip.

9. Apparatus as in claim 8 wherein the article has a flat surface, further comprising:

a second flat surface wherein the magnetic sensing head is recessed; and

means for sliding the flat surface of the article along the second flat surface and over the head to produce the relative motion.

10. Apparatus as in claim 9 further comprising:

a generator for producing the second voltage waveform, said generator having an armature adapted to be driven by a toothed wheel; and

a toothed member adapted to move with the article and engaged to the toothed wheel of the armature to turn the same at a speed proportional to the speed of the article.

11. Apparatus as recited in claim 10 further comprising:

a full wave rectifier means for operating on the third voltage waveform to produce a fourth voltage waveform of a single polarity; and

a display device and means for coupling the fourth voltage waveform thereto to provide a visual indication of the measured magnetic intensity and positions of the poles in respective strips in the article.

12. Apparatus as recited in claim 11 further comprising:

means for decoupling the third voltage waveform from the full wave rectifier means when the second voltage waveform is substantially zero.