Lamellar carbon-nitrosyl or nitronium salt compositions

• US 4,382,882 A
• Filed: 12/29/1980
• Issued: 05/10/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 12/29/1980
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Acheson Industries, Inc. (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: Vogel F. Lincoln, William C. Forsman
• Inventors: Vogel, F. Lincoln, Forsman, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barr, J. L.
• Application Number:
  US06/221,013
• Time in Patent Office: 862 Days
• Field of Search: 252/503, 252/500, 252/506, 252/507, 252/511, 252/431 N, 252/432, 252/429 R, 252/429 B, 252/428, 252/437, 252/433, 428/364, 428/366, 428/367, 428/370, 428/373, 428/374, 428/377, 260/429 R, 106/20, 106/23, 423/445, 423/447.1, 423/447.2, 423/448, 423/460
• US Class Current: 252/503
• CPC Class Codes: D01F 11/12 with inorganic substances ; Intercalation
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/04 mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/18 the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/24 the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon

Abstract

Electrically conductive carbon compositions are disclosed which are formed from carbon having a graphite-like structure and a nitrosyl or nitronium salt or salts. The nitrosyl or nitronium salt reacts with the carbon to intercalate it with charge-exchange atoms or molecules. Binary, ternary and multi-intercalated lamellar compositions are produced according to the particular reaction process selected. The compositions may be used alone as electrical conductors or may be combined in a matrix to form composite conductors.

Claims

1. An electrically conductive lamellar carbon composition, which comprises:

carbon having a graphite-like, stacked-plane-crystalline form intercalated with one or more nitrosyl salts selected from NOX or nitronium salts selected from NO₂ X wherein X is a stable, conjugate anion of an electrophilic atom, molecule or Lewis acid, said anion being selected from the group consisting of a halide anion, oxyhalide anion, bisulfate anion, nitrate anion, boron halide anion, a stable halide anion of a first, second or third transition series metal, a halide anion of a group IVa metaloid and a halide anion of a group Va metaloid; and

wherein the proportion of the nitrosyl salt or salts or nitronium salt or salts to carbon in the composition produces a resistivity of the composition of less than about 10^-5 ohm cm.

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the carbon is in the form of large crystals;

crystalline powder;

vermicular, powdered, filament, bulk or sintered graphite;

or carbon filaments.

3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the carbon is intercalated with one salt.

4. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the carbon is simultaneously intercalated with two salts.

5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the carbon is sequentially intercalated with two salts.

6. A composition according to claim 2 wherein X is SbF₆^-, PF₆^-, TaF₆^-, AsF₆^-, NbF₆^-, VF₆^-, SiF₅^-, TiF₅^-, GeF₅^-, SiF₆^-2, PtF₅^-, HfF₅^-, ZrF₅^-, FeCl₄^-, CoCl₄^-2, BF₄^-, NiF₄^-2 or CuCl₄^-2.

7. A composition according to claim 2 wherein X is SbF₆^-, PF₆, AsF₆^-, HfF₅^-, SiF₅^-, BF₄^-, or FeCl₄^-.

8. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the carbon has the form of a filament electrically oriented along its axis.

9. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl hexafluoroantimonate or nitronium hexafluoroantimonate.

10. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl hexafluorophosphate or nitronium hexafluorophosphate.

11. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the carbon is intercalated with a single salt selected from nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate or nitronium tetrafluoroborate.

12. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the carbon is intercalated with two salts selected from NOBF₄, NOSbF₆, NOPF₆, NO₂ BF₄, NO₂ SbF₆ or NO₂ PF₆.

13. An electrically conductive composite comprising a lamellar carbon composition according to claim 1 in combination with a conductive, flexible metal which is inert toward the composition.

14. A composite according to claim 13 comprising a wire having a composition core and an outer surface of metal.

15. A composite according to claim 14 wherein the composition is in the form of filaments which are combined to form a strand and the metal is plated into the surface of the strand.

16. A composite according to claim 13 comprising a rod of compressed composition and metal particles.

17. A composite according to claim 13 comprising a strand of composition filaments and a metal wire.

18. A composite according to claim 17 wherein the filaments and wire are twisted together.

19. A composite according to claim 13 comprising a wire having a composition powder core and an outer tube of drawn metal.

20. A composite according to claim 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 18 or 19 wherein the metal is copper, aluminum, silver, nickel, zinc, iron or cadmium.

21. An electrically conductive composite comprising a lamellar carbon composition according to claim 1 in matrix or core combination with an organic or inorganic polymer, an inorganic glass or a fibrous, flake or filament mineral.

22. A composite of claim 21 wherein the composition is in the form of a powder, flakes filaments or fibers and is combined in a matrix or as a core with an epoxy polymer, a polyester, a polyamide, a polyorganocarbonate, a polyether, a polyglycol, a polyolefin, a polyaromatic, a polyperfluoroolefin, a polysilicone, a polysilicate, a silicate, borosilicate or aluminosilicate glass, a polysiliconitride, a polyfluorosilicone or silicate, asbestos, or mineralized filament.

23. A composite according to claim 21 further comprising a plastic wire.

24. A composite according to claim 21 further comprising a filament.

25. A composite according to claim 21 further comprising a covering having electrically conductive properties which is useful as a structural skin, housing, shield or electrical grounding surface.

26. A composite according to claim 21 further comprising a machine housing.

27. A covering having electrically conductive properties, which is useful as a structural skin, housing, shield or electrical grounding surface, comprising a composition core and an outer surface of organic or inorganic polymer, inorganic glass, or a fibrous, flake or filament mineral according to claim 21.

28. A covering having electrically conductive properties, which is useful as a structural skin, housing, shield or electrical grounding surface, comprising uniformly dispersed composition in matrix combination with an organic or inorganic polymer, inorganic glass, or a fibrous, flake or filament mineral according to claim 21.

29. An electrically conductive ink or coating composite comprising a uniform dispersion of a composition according to claim 1 in a vehicle binder and a fluid carrier.

30. A dried ink or coating composite according to claim 29 comprising a flexible or rigid film on a substrate surface.

31. An electronic component connector comprising a dried ink composite according to claim 29.