Intravenous drug additive delivery system with electronic control

• US 4,391,598 A
• Filed: 04/28/1981
• Issued: 07/05/1983
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/1981
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: General Electric Capital Corporation (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: Quest Medical Incorporated (Atrion Corporation)
• Inventors: Thompson, Thomas C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Truluck, Dalton L.
• Application Number:
  US06/258,361
• Time in Patent Office: 798 Days
• Field of Search: 128/214 R, 128/214 E, 128/214 F, 128/214.2, 128/DIG. 12, 128/DIG. 13, 222/145, 222/426, 222/428, 222/450, 604/65, 604/67, 604/81, 604/83
• US Class Current: 604/65
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16809 by repeated filling and emptying of an intermediate volume pressure infusion using positive displacement pumps A61M5/142
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16827 controlling delivery of multiple fluids, e.g. sequencing, mixing or via separate flow-paths infusion of multiple fluids without using a controller A61M5/1407
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/172 electrical or electronic A61M5/16804, A61M5/16831 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/13 Infusion monitoring

Abstract

An improved fluid additive system is disclosed. The first embodiment of the invention is formed by a system (10) including a controller (26) which automatically delivers a preselected quantity of a secondary fluid from a secondary container (14) at a preselected rate and subsequently delivers a preselected quantity of a primary fluid from a primary container (12) at a preselected rate. Within the controller (26) are input controls (48) for operator input of the desired preselected rates and quantity of fluid to be infused. A passive metering unit (36, 36'"'"') is provided in the controller for metering a known quantity of fluid to a delivery line upon each activation thereof. A microprocessor (40) responds to the rates amd quantity input into the input controls (48) to direct a drive unit (38) to activate the metering unit (36) to achieve the desired rates and quantity of infusion of the primary and secondary fluids.

Claims

1. An apparatus for intravenous addition of a primary and secondary fluid to a patient comprising:

a primary container for holding the primary fluid;

a secondary container for holding the secondary fluid, the fluid in said secondary container being elevated above the fluid in said primary container;

primary and secondary fluid delivery lines extending from said primary and secondary containers, respectively;

a connector for combining the flow from said primary and secondary fluid delivery lines;

check valve means for permitting the secondary fluid to flow through the connector until the secondary container is empty and subsequently permitting the primary fluid to flow through the connector;

controller means for controlling fluid flow to the patient, said connector directing the fluid flowing therethrough from said primary and secondary delivery lines into said controller means, said controller means including;

metering means for initially metering flow therethrough to the patient at a preselected flow rate representing the desired infusion rate of the secondary fluid;

sensing means for sensing the passage of a predetermined quantity of fluid equal to the quantity of secondary fluid which is to be infused;

said metering means subsequently metering flow therethrough at a second preselected flow rate representing the desired infusion rate of the primary fluid to the patient; and

a combined fluid delivery line extending from said controller means to the patient for transferring the fluid metered through said controller means to the patient for infusion.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said controller means further includes:

input means for input by an operator of preselected flow rates representing the desired flow rates of the primary and secondary fluids and the preselected quantity of secondary fluid representing the desired quantity of secondary fluid infused in the patient;

said metering means permitting fluid flow within a range of flow rates; and

microprocessor means communicating with said input means and said metering means, said microprocessor means activating said metering means to meter fluid at a rate corresponding to the preselected flow rate for the secondary fluid input to said input means until a quantity of fluid has been metered therethrough corresponding to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid, said microprocessor means thereafter activating said metering means to meter fluid at the rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid input to said input means.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said metering means comprises:

one chamber for holding a predetermined volume of fluid, said chamber being divided into first and second compartments by a flexible diaphragm;

inlet tubes extending from said connector to each of said compartments for filling said compartments with fluid from said connector;

outlet tubes extending from said compartments for permitting flow therethrough to the patient;

valve means for selectively opening and closing said inlet and outlet tubes connected to each of said compartments such that fluid flow is allowed alternately in said inlet and outlet tubes;

said controller means including microprocessor means for alternately activating said valve means between first and second positions, said valve means permitting a predetermined volume of fluid to flow into said second compartment and permitting a predetermined volume of fluid to flow from said first compartment through one of said outlet tubes in the first position, said valve means permitting a predetermined volume of fluid to flow into said first compartment and permitting a predetermined volume of fluid to flow from said second compartment through the other of said outlet tubes in said second position, said controller means controlling the frequency of activation to determine the fluid flow rate to the patient and accumulating the quantity of activations to determine the quantity of fluid delivered to the patient.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said metering means comprises:

first and second halves adapted to be secured in facing relation, each of said halves being constructed to form a reservoir portion, entry and exit channels extending from the reservoir portion and entry and exit port sections, the entry and exit channels and entry and exit port sections being interconnected by entry and exit orifices, respectively, the reservoir portions of each half forming a reservoir and said entry and exit port sections forming entry and exit ports, respectively, when said halves are secured in facing relation, the entry port being connected to said connector and said exit port permitting flow therethrough to the patient;

a flexible diaphragm means for positioning between said first and second halves when secured in facing relation to divide the reservoir into first and second compartments;

first entry valve means and first exit valve means for attachment to said first half, each of said first entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

second entry valve means and second exit valve means for attachment to said second half, each of said second entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively; and

activating means for alternately opening and closing each of said valves, said activating means being activated by said microprocessor means, said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means simultaneously being opened and closed and said second entry valve means and said first exit valve means being simultaneously opened and closed to positions opposite said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means;

whereby fluid entering said entry port flows through the entry orifice and entry channel of said first half into the first compartment when said first entry valve means is open, the fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the second compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said second half to the exit port, and fluid entering said entry port flows through the entry orifice and entry channel of said second half into the second compartment when said second entry valve means is open, fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the first compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said first half to the exit port, the fluid displaced from each of the first and second compartments having a predetermined volume.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said microprocessor means further includes timer means for determining the quantity of fluid metered at the rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the secondary fluid, said microprocessor means activating said metering means to meter fluid at the rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid when said timing means measures a quantity corresponding to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid.

6. An apparatus for intravenous infusion of a primary and secondary fluid to a patient comprising:

a primary container for holding the primary fluid;

a secondary container for holding the secondary fluid, said secondary container being positioned so that the secondary fluid in said secondary container is positioned above the primary fluid in said primary container;

a controller;

a primary fluid delivery line extending from said primary container;

a secondary fluid delivery line extending from said secondary container;

a connector combining fluid flowing through said primary and secondary fluid delivery lines, said connector extending into said controller;

a check valve positioned in said primary fluid delivery line permitting the secondary fluid to flow from the secondary container through the connector until the secondary container is empty and subsequently permitting the primary fluid to flow from the primary container through the connector;

a delivery line extending from said controller to the patient for infusion of fluid flowing therethrough; and

said controller initially permitting fluid to flow therethrough from said connector to said delivery line for infusion into the patient at a rate corresponding to a preselected rate of infusion of the secondary fluid, said controller further sensing the passage therethrough of a quantity of fluid corresponding to a preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused and subsequently permitting fluid to flow therethrough at a rate corresponding to a preselected rate of infusion of the primary fluid.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said controller includes:

an input control for input by an operator of the preselected rate of infusion of the primary and secondary fluids and the preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused;

a metering unit for metering fluid from said connector to said delivery line, a known quantity of fluid being metered into said delivery line upon each activation of said metering unit;

a drive unit for activating said metering unit, said drive unit permitting a variable rate of activation of said metering unit to vary the rate of flow of fluid through said controller; and

microprocessor means communicating with said input control and said drive unit, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid flow at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate of infusion of the secondary fluid until a fluid quantity equal to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid has been infused in the patient, said microprocessor means thereafter directing said drive unit to meter fluid flow at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate fro the primary fluid.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said metering unit comprises:

a metering chamber having first and second compartments formed therein;

first and second inlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartments;

first and second outlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartments;

valve means activatable for selectively opening and closing each of said inlet and outlet tubes such that fluid flow is allowed alternately in both said first inlet tube and said second inlet tube and in both said second inlet tube and said first outlet tube, said inlet tubes being connected to said connector and said outlet tubes being connected to said delivery line; and

a movable pressure transmitting member positioned between said first and second compartments in said metering chamber, said pressure transmitting member forming a movable portion of each of said compartments and being movable between two positions such that the two compartments are simultaneously and alternately filled and emptied, the movement of said pressure transmitting member displacing a predetermined and equal amount of fluid in moving between the two positions so that the amount of fluid alternately displaced from each of the two compartments is equal, said drive unit activating said valve means to permit fluid flow through one of said inlet tubes into the associated compartment to act against said pressure transmitting member to urge the fluid in the alternate compartment through the associated outlet tube for delivery to the patient, said microprocessor means controlling the rate of activation to determine the flow rate and accumulating the number of activations to determine the quantity of fluid metered through said metering unit to the patient.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said metering unit comprises:

first and second halves adapted to be secured in facing relation, each of said halves being constructed to form a reservoir portion, entry and exit channels extending from the reservoir portion and entry and exit port sections, the entry and exit channels and entry and exit port sections being interconnected by entry and exit orifices, respectively, the reservoir portions of each half forming a reservoir and said entry and exit port sections forming entry and exit ports, respectively, when said halves are secured in facing relation, the entry port being connected to said connector and the exit port being connected to said delivery line;

a flexible diaphragm means for positioning between said first and second halves when secured in facing relation to divide the reservoir into first and second compartments;

first entry valve means and first exit valve means for attachment to said first half, each of said first entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

second entry valve means and second exit valve means for attachment to said second half, each of said second entry and exit valve means being movable from an opening position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively; and

activating means for alternately opening and closing each of said valves, said drive unit activating said metering unit by directing said activating means to change the position of each of said valves, said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means simultaneously being opened and closed and said second entry valve means and said first exit valve means being simultaneously opened and closed to positions opposite said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means;

whereby fluid entering said entry port flows through the entry orifice and entry channel of said first half into the first compartment when said first entry valve means is open, the fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the second compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said second half to the exit port, and fluid entering said entry port flows through the entry orifice and entry channel of said second half into the second compartment when said second entry valve means is open, fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the first compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said first half to the exit port, the fluid displaced from each of the first and second compartments having a predetermined volume.

10. The controller of claim 7 wherein said microprocessor means includes timing means for accumulating the number of activations of said metering unit by said drive unit to determine the quantity of fluid metered to said delivery line, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid when said timing means measures a quantity of fluid flowing through said controller corresponding to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused in the patient.

11. An apparatus for intravenous infusion of a primary and secondary fluid into a patient, comprising:

a primary container for holding the primary fluid;

a secondary container for holding the secondary fluid, said secondary container being positioned so that the secondary fluid contained therein is positioned above the primary fluid in said primary container;

a controller positioned below said primary and secondary containers;

a primary fluid delivery line extending from said primary container;

a secondary fluid delivery line extending from said secondary container;

a connector combining the fluid flow in said primary and secondary fluid delivery lines and delivering the fluid to said controller;

a check valve positioned in said primary fluid delivery line permitting the secondary fluid to flow from the secondary container through the connector until the secondary container is empty and subsequently permitting the primary fluid to flow from the primary container through the connector;

a delivery line extending from said controller to the patient for infusion of the fluid flowing therethrough; and

said controller including;

(a) a metering unit for metering a known quantity of fluid into said delivery line upon each activation thereof,

(b) a drive unit for activating said metering unit,

(c) input controls for operator input of the preselected rate and quantity of primary and secondary fluids to be infused into the patient, and

(d) microprocessor means for directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid into said delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate of infusion for the secondary fluid, said microprocessor means further accumulating the number of activations of said metering unit to determine the quantity of fluid metered into said delivery line, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid to said delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate of infusion of the primary fluid upon sensing the metering of a quantity of fluid corresponding to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to prevent further activation of said metering unit when said microprocessor means measures a quantity of fluid metered into said delivery line at the rate corresponding to the preselected rate of infusion of the primary fluid corresponding to the preselected quantity of primary fluid to be infused.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said metering unit comprises:

a metering chamber defined between first and second chamber walls;

first and second inlet tubes connected through the first and second chamber walls respectively;

first and second outlet tubes connected through the first and second chamber walls respectively;

valve means for selectively opening and closing said inlet and outlet tubes such that fluid flow is allowed alternatively in both of said first inlet tube and said second outlet tube and in both of said second inlet tube and said first outlet tube, said first and second inlet tubes being connected to said connector and said first and second outlet tubes being connected to said delivery line; and

a pressure transmitting member formed as a membrane of flexible sheet material extending between the chamber walls to define first and second compartments between the first and second chamber walls respectively and said pressure transmitting member, said pressure transmitting member being movable between the first and second chamber walls to simultaneously and alternately fill and empty said first and second compartments, said drive unit activating said valve means to permit fluid flow from said connector through one of said inlet tubes to the associated compartment, the fluid flowing into the compartment acting against said pressure transmitting member to urge fluid in the other compartment therefrom through the associated outlet tube into said delivery line, each activation of said valve means metering a predetermined volume of fluid into said delivery line.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said metering unit comprises:

first and second halves adapted to be secured in facing relation, each of said halves being constructed to form a reservoir portion, entry and exit channels extending from the reservoir portion and entry and exit port sections, the entry and exit channels and entry and exit port sections being interconnected by entry and exit orifices, respectively, the reservoir portions of each half forming a reservoir and said entry and exit port sections forming entry and exit ports, respectively, when said halves are secured in facing relation, the entry port being connected to said connector and the exit port being connected to said delivery line;

a flexible diaphragm means for positioning between said first and second halves when secured in facing relation to divide the reservoir into first and second compartments;

first entry valve means and first exit valve means for attachment to said first half, said first entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively to a closed position to prevent flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

second entry valve means and second exit valve means for attachment to said second half, said second entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively to a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

activating means for alternately opening and closing each of said valves, said drive unit activating said metering unit by directing said activating means to change the positions of each of said valves, said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means simultaneously being opened and closed and said second entry valve means and said first exit valve means being simultaneously opened and closed to positions opposite said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means; and

fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said first half into the first compartment when said first entry valve means is open, the fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the second compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said second half to the exit port, fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said second half into the second compartment when said second entry valve means is open, fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the first compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said first half to the exit port, the fluid displaced from each of the first and second compartments having a predetermined volume.

14. A controller for metering primary and secondary fluids stored in primary and secondary containers, respectively, to a delivery line for infusion into a patient, the primary and secondary fluids flowing from the primary and secondary containers to a connector, the fluid flowing through the connector into the controller, said controller comprising:

input means for input by an operator of a preselected rate of infusion for each of the primary and secondary fluids and a preselected volume of the secondary fluid to be infused;

metering means for metering fluid from the connector into the delivery line, said metering means permitting fluid flow into the delivery line within a range of flow rates; and

microprocessor means for communicating with said input means and said metering means, said microprocessor means for activating said metering means to meter fluid into the delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the secondary fluid until a preselected quantity of fluid has been metered through said metering means corresponding to the preselected volume of the secondary fluid to be infused, said microprocessor means subsequently for activating said metering means to meter fluid into said delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid.

15. The controller of claim 14 wherein said metering means comprises:

at least one compartment for holding a predetermined volume of fluid;

an inlet tube extending from the connector to said compartment for filling said compartment with fluid from the containers;

an outlet tube extending from said compartment to the delivery line for permitting flow therethrough to the patient;

valve means for selectively opening and closing said inlet and outlet tubes such that fluid flow is allowed alternatively in said inlet and outlet tubes; and

drive means activated by said microprocessor means for moving said valve means to permit a predetermined volume of fluid to flow into the compartment and moving said valve means to permit a predetermined volume of fluid to flow from said compartment for infusion into the patient upon each activation thereof, said microprocessor means controlling the frequency of activation to meter fluid into the delivery line at the preselected rate and accumulating the number of activations to determine the quantity of fluid metered into the delivery line.

16. The controller of claim 14 wherein said metering means comprises:

first and second halves adapted to be secured in facing relation, each of said halves being constructed to form a reservoir portion, entry and exit channels extending from the reservoir portion and entry and exit port sections, the entry and exit channels and entry and exit port sections being interconnected by entry and exit orifices, respectively, the reservoir portions of each half forming a reservoir and said entry and exit port sections forming entry and exit ports, respectively, when said halves are secured in facing relation, the entry port being connected to said primary and secondary containers and the exit port being connected to said delivery line;

a flexible diaphragm means for positioning between said first and second halves when secured in facing relation to divide the reservoir into first and second compartments;

first entry valve means and first exit valve means for attachment to said first half, said first entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

second entry valve means and second exit valve means for attachment to said second half, said second entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

activating means for alternately opening and closing each of said valves, said microprocessor means activating said metering unit by directing said actuating means to change the positions of each of said valves, said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means simultaneously being opened and closed and said second entry valve means and said first exit valve means being simultaneously opened and closed to positions opposite said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means; and

fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said first half into the first compartment when said first entry valve means is open, the fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the second compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said second half to the exit port, fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said second half into the second compartment when said second entry valve means is open, fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the first compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said first half to the exit port, the fluid displaced from each of the first and second compartments having a predetermined volume.

17. A controller for metering primary and secondary fluids from primary and secondary containers, respectively, to a delivery line for infusion into a patient, the secondary fluid initially flowing into a connector until the secondary container is substantially empty, and the primary fluid subsequently flowing into the connector, fluid flowing through the connector into the controller, said controller comprising:

an input control for input by an operator of a preselected rate and quantity to be infused for each of the primary and secondary fluids;

a metering unit for metering a known quantity of fluid from the connector into the delivery line upon each activation of said metering unit;

a drive unit for activating said metering unit, said drive unit having a range of speeds to permit variation of the flow of fluid into said delivery line; and

microprocessor means communicating with said input control and said drive unit, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid into said delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the secondary fluid input into said input control, said microprocessor means sensing the number of activations of said metering unit to measure the quantity of fluid metered into said delivery line, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to activate said metering unit to meter fluid into said delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid upon measuring flow through said metering unit equal to the preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused into the patient, said microprocessor means directing said drive unit to stop activation of said metering unit when said microprocessor means measures a total flow through said metering unit equal to the combined preselected quantity of primary fluid and secondary fluid to be infused into the patient.

18. The controller of claim 17 wherein said metering unit comprises:

a metering chamber having first and second compartments formed therein;

first and second inlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartments;

first and second outlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartments;

valve means for selectively opening and closing each of said inlet and outlet tubes such that fluid flow is allowed alternately in both of said first inlet tube and said second outlet tube and in both of said second inlet tube and said first outlet tube, said inlet tubes being connected to the connector and said outlet tubes being connected to the delivery line; and

a movable pressure transmitting member positioned between the first and second compartments in said metering chamber, said pressure transmitting member forming a movable portion of each of the compartments and being movable between two positions such that the two compartments are simultaneously and alternately filled and emptied, the movement of said pressure transmitting member displacing a predetermined and equal amount of fluid in moving between the two positions so that the amount of fluid displaced from each of the two compartments is equal, said drive unit operating said valve means to meter the fluid in one of the compartments into the delivery line upon each activation of said metering unit.

19. The controller of claim 17 wherein said metering unit comprises:

first and second halves adapted to be secured in facing relation, each of said halves being constructed to form a reservoir portion, entry and exit channels extending from the reservoir portion and entry and exit port sections, the entry and exit channels and entry and exit port sections being interconnected by entry and exit orifices, respectively, the reservoir portions of each half forming a reservoir and said entry and exit port sections forming entry and exit ports, respectively, when said halves are secured in facing relation, the entry port being connected to the connector containers and the exit port being connected to said delivery line;

a flexible diaphragm means for positioning between said first and second halves when secured in facing relation to divide the reservoir into first and second compartments;

first entry valve means and first exit valve means for attachment to said first half, said first entry and exit valve means being movable from an position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

second entry valve means and second exit valve means for attachment to said second half, said second entry and exit valve means being movable from an open position permitting fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively, to a closed position to prevent fluid flow through the entry and exit orifices, respectively;

activating means for alternately opening and closing each of said valves, said drive unit activating said metering unit by directing said activating means to change the positions of each of said valves, said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means simultaneously being opened and closed and said second entry valve means and said first exit valve means being simultaneously opened and closed to positions opposite said first entry valve means and said second exit valve means; and

fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said first half into the first compartment when said first entry valve means is open, the fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the second compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said second half to the exit port, fluid entering said entry port flowing through the entry orifice and entry channel of said second half into the second compartment when said second entry valve means is open, fluid entering said entry port having sufficient pressure head to move said diaphragm means to force the fluid in the first compartment through the exit channel and exit orifice of said first half to the exit port, the fluid displaced from each of the first and second compartments having a predetermined volume.

20. A controller for use in a fluid delivery system infusing primary and secondary fluids into a patient through a delivery line, said primary and secondary fluids being stored in primary and secondary containers, respectively, the secondary fluid being stored at a higher elevation than the primary fluid, the system further having fluid lines extending from each container to a connector combining fluid flow from the containers for entry into a controller, a check valve being positioned to initially permit flow of the secondary fluid into the connector until the secondary container is substantially empty and subsequently permitting flow of the primary fluid into the connector, said controller comprising:

input means for input by an operator of a preselected rate of infusion for each of the primary and secondary fluids and a preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused;

metering means for metering a known quantity of fluid from the connector into the delivery line upon each activation thereof; and

microprocessor means communicating with said input means and said metering means, said microprocessor means initially activating said metering means in a continuous manner at a predetermined frequency to meter fluid into the delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the secondary fluid, said microprocessor means further accumulating the number of activations of said metering means to determine the quantity of fluid metered into the delivery line through said metering means, said microprocessor means subsequently activating said metering means at a frequency to meter fluid into the delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid upon sensing the metering of a quantity of fluid into the delivery line corresponding to the preselected quantity of the secondary fluid to be infused, the metering of fluid into the delivery line being independent of the flow of fluid from either the primary or secondary container.

21. A controller for use in a fluid delivery system infusing primary and secondary fluids into a patient through a delivery line, said primary and secondary fluids being stored in primary and secondary containers, respectively, the stored secondary fluid being elevated above the stored primary fluid, the system having fluid delivery lines extending from each of the containers to a connector combining the fluid flow therefrom for entry into the controller, a check valve being positioned to initially permit flow of secondary fluid into the connector until the secondary container is substantially empty and subsequently permitting flow of the primary fluid into the connector, said controller comprising:

input means for input by an operator of a preselected rate of infusion for each of the primary and secondary fluids and a preselected quantity of secondary fluid to be infused;

metering means for metering fluid from the connector to the delivery line, said metering means comprising;

a metering chamber having first and second compartments;

first and second inlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartment;

first and second outlet tubes connected respectively to the first and second compartment;

rod means for reciprocation between each of said inlet and outlet tubes such that fluid flow is allowed alternatively in both of said first inlet tube and said second outlet tube and in both of said second inlet tube and said first outlet tube, said inlet tubes being connected to the connector and said outlet tubes being connected to the delivery line; and

a movable pressure transmitting member positioned between the first and second compartments in said metering chamber, the pressure transmitting member forming a movable portion of each of the compartments and being movable between two positions such that the two compartments are simultaneously and alternately filled and emptied of a known volume of fluid, the fluid entering one compartment from the connector moving the pressure transmitting member between the two positions to displace the known quantity of fluid from the other compartment into the delivery line; and

microprocessor means for communicating with said input means and said metering means, said microprocessor means activating said metering means, the activation of said metering means causing said rod means to reciprocate to discharge the known quantity of fluid into the delivery line, said microprocessor means activating said metering means at a frequency to meter fluid into the delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the secondary fluid, said microprocessor means further accumulating the number of activations of said metering means to determine the quantity of fluid metered into the delivery line until a quantity of fluid has been metered into the delivery line corresponding to the preselected quantity of the secondary fluid to be infused into the patient, said microprocessor means subsequently activating said metering means at a frequency to meter fluid into the delivery line at a rate corresponding to the preselected rate for the primary fluid, the metering of the fluid into the delivery line being determined by the flow of fluid through said metering means.